Unit 1: Syntax

Question 1

Clause

Answer 1

A group of words that contains a subject and a predicate

Question 2

Phrase

Answer 2

Words that have a grammatical relationship but can’t exist as a sentence

Question 3

Sentence

Answer 3

A group of words that contains at least one main clause

Question 4

Subject in a Sentence

Answer 4

The person or thing that the sentence is about

Question 5

Predicate in a Sentence

Answer 5

What is written or said about the subject

Question 6

Adverbial

Answer 6

Words, phrases or clauses that provide additional information about the time, place or manner of a sentence element
Adverbials tell us the when, where, or how something has been done
Eg. I watched a new movie [last night]

Question 7

Complement

Answer 7

A phrase or clause that provides extra information about the subject or object which has already been mentioned.
Uses a copula verb (is, was) to connect the subject to the complement
Eg. The water [is quite warm]

Question 8

Types of Phrases

Answer 8

Include:
Noun Phrase
Verb Phrase
Adjective Phrase
Adverb Phrase
Prepositional Phrase
Remember using the mnemonic PANVA

Question 9

Noun Phrase

Answer 9

Phrases where the head word is a noun or pronoun
Can be the subject, object or the complement
Can be replaced with a noun or pronoun
Eg. [The laptop] fell onto the floor.
Eg. [My iPhone] has a cracked screen

Question 10

Verb Phrase

Answer 10

Phrases where the head word is a main verb
Can be the predicator or whole predicate
There is only 1 verb phrase per clause
Can be replaced with a verb
Eg. The dinosaur [ate] the chickens.

Question 11

Adjective Phrase

Answer 11

Phrases where the head word is an adjective
Can be the complement
1 sentence can have multiple adjective phrases
Eg. The chickens were [delicious], thought the dinosaur.

Question 12

Adverb Phrase

Answer 12

Phrases where the head word is an adverb
Act as the adverbial
1 sentence can have multiple adverb phrases
Adverb phrases can be removed and still form Standard sentences
Eg. The chickens ran [fast] to avoid the dinosaur.

Question 13

Prepositional Phrase

Answer 13

Phrases where the head word is a preposition
Made up of a preposition AND noun phrase
Can be the adverbial, or include the object
Eg. The dinosaur followed the chickens [though the forest].

Question 14

List the Sentence Types

Answer 14

There are 4 sentence types. These include:
Declaratives
Interrogatives
Imperatives
Exclamatives
You can remember these with the mnemonic DIIE

Question 15

Declaratives

Answer 15

Give a piece of information

Question 16

Interrogatives

Answer 16

Ask a question

Question 17

Imperatives

Answer 17

Give an order or command

Question 18

Exclamatives

Answer 18

Express an emotion or feeling

Question 19

Sentence Structures

Answer 19

There are 5 sentence structures.
Fragment
Simple
Compound
Complex
Compound-Complex

Question 20

Simple

Answer 20

Contain 1 independent clause

Question 21

Fragment Sentence

Answer 21

Contains an incomplete clause that is missing either the subject, verb or object

Question 22

Compound Sentence

Answer 22

Contain 2 independent clauses joined by coordinating conjunctions

Question 23

Complex Sentence

Answer 23

Contain 1 independent and 1 dependent clauses joined by subordinating conjunctions

Question 24

Compound-Complex Sentence

Answer 24

A compound-complex sentence will contain at least 3 clauses that are joined by at least one coordinating and one subordinating conjunction