Unit 1: Topic Six

Question 1

Photosynthesis is the _______ redox reaction of aenerobic respiration, the ______ covalent bonds are ______ and the _______ covalent bonds are formed.

Answer 1

Reverse
Polar
Broken
Non-polar
Formed

Question 2

CO2 is being ________ to glucose, and the electrons are moving _______.

Answer 2

Reduced
Closer to the carbon atoms in glucose

Question 3

H2O is being _______ into oxygen, and the electrons are moving ______.

Answer 3

Oxidized
Farther away from the oxygen atoms in O2

Question 4

List the structures of the chlorophlast:

Answer 4

3 membranes:
Outer, Inner Thylakoid
Two Spaces:
Stroma, Thylakoid lumen

Question 5

What are the two main divisions of the process of photosynthesis?

Answer 5

1) Light reaction(light dependent)solar light into chemical energy(ATP, NADH)
2) Clavin cycle (light independent)chemical energy to build carbohydrates.

Question 6

How is light absorbed in a molecule?

Answer 6

Photons are absorbed by a specific pigment molceule, which allows the electron to move fro it’s ground to excited state.

Question 7

If a pigment is not an _____ ______ to it’s photon, then the electron will ______ get excited.

Answer 7

Exact match
not

Question 8

Blue(450) raises e _ energy level(s)
Green(550) will ____ raise an e
Red(700) raises e _ energy level(s)

Answer 8

2
not
1

Question 9

What are the main pigments in most photouautotrophs?

Answer 9

Cholorophyls, which are embedded in the thylakoid membrane.

Question 10

What are cartenoids?

Answer 10

Accesorry pigments that extend the range of wavelength energy absorption.

Question 11

Pigments are organized into _____ with proteins called ____.

Answer 11

Complexes
Photosystems(light harvesting complexes)

Question 12

Antenna pigments:

Answer 12

Groups of pigments around the reaction centre that when excited channel energy to the reaction centre.

Question 13

Energy moves from _______ ________ until it reaches the _______ ________ after being excited by solar light.

Answer 13

Antenna Pigments
Reaction Centre

Question 14

Step of PS2:

Answer 14

P680 reduces its primary electron accepto which passes the electron to photoquinone(PQ)

Question 15

Energy moves through _____ _________.

Answer 15

Inductive resonance

Question 16

The reaction centre donates a _______ to the _______.

Answer 16

Electron
Primary electron acceptor

Question 17

What is the reaction centre in photosystem 2?

Answer 17

P680, where energy from light first travels.

Question 18

Step 2 of PS2:

Answer 18

PQ(hydrophobic) grabs H+ from the strum when reduced.

Question 19

Step 3 of PS2:

Answer 19

PA reduces the cytochrome complex and release the H+ in the lumen.

Question 20

Step 4 of PS2:

Answer 20

Cytochrome reduces plastocyanin(Hydrophilic), that passes the elctron to p700+ at PS1. P680+ replaces its electron by splitting h2o at the oxygen evolving complex.

Question 21

Step 3 of PS1:

Answer 21

NADP+ reductase will reduce NADP+ to NADPH, P700 replaces its electron by accepting one from plastogylcyanin.

Question 21

What is the reaction centre in photosystem 1?

Answer 21

P700, solar energy from antenna pigments.

Question 21

Step 1 of PS1:

Answer 21

P700 reduces the primary electron acceptor whcih passes the elctron to feredoxin

Question 21

Step 2 of PS1

Answer 21

Feredoxin(Hydrophilic) reducea NADP+ reductase in the stroma.

Question 22

Proton electrochemical gradient:

Answer 22

Creates by the flow of electrons through both photosystems, produced across the thylakoid membrane.

Question 23

Proton electrochemical gradient is created in 3 main ways:

Answer 23

1) Proton in the stroma are used to reduce NAD+ to NADPH 2) Oxidation of H2O in the lumen reduces H+. 3) PQ moves H+ from the stroma to the lumen.

Question 23

Calvin cycle:

Answer 23

Occurs in the stroa with the help of 11 enzymes, uses ATP and NADPH from the light reactions.

Question 24

Photophosphorylation:

Answer 24

Using solar energy to genertae PMF to power atp synthase, atp is generated on the stroma side.

Question 25

How is enough energy produces to oxidize H2O and reduce NADP+?

Answer 25

Takes both photosystems, PS2 excites the electron enough to pull electron from H2O and generate PMF, and PS1 reenergizes the electron to reduce NADP+ to NADPH

Question 25

The calvin cycle requires more ______ than ______

Answer 25

ATP NADPH

Question 25

The calvin cycle is an _______ process and is overall ______, but the individual reactions are _______.

Answer 25

Anabolic Endergonic Exergonic

Question 26

_________ can reduce PQ instead of NADP+ being reduced.

Answer 26

Ferredoxin

Question 27

The electron flow from PQ to _________ generates a _____ for phosphoralation.

Answer 27

P100 PMF

Question 28

G3P:

Answer 28

The product of photosynthesis which is converted into glucose. 2x G3P(3C)-----Glucose(6C)

Question 29

What are the three main purposes of glucose?

Answer 29

1) can enter anerobic resp if cell needs enrgy. 2) Linked into polymers for energy storage(starch, or cellulose) 3) Used in the synthesis of other acromolecules like amino acids.

Question 30

Step 1 of the calvin cycle:

Answer 30

Fixation(carboxylation)- RuBP+CO2------- 3PGA using cubiculo.

Question 31

Step 2 of the calvin cycle:

Answer 31

Reduction- 3PGA-------G3P(then creates glucose) while ATP/NADPH are oxidized into ADP/NADP+

Question 32

Step 3 of the calvin cycle:

Answer 32

Regeneration- G3P--------- RuBP and ATP is oxidized into ADP

Question 33

Oxygenic photosynthesis(prokaryotes):

Answer 33

All metabolism occurs the cytosol and on the cell membrane, cyanobacteria have a photosynthetic mechanism very similair to cholorplasts.