What are the traditionalist (silent generation)?
- born between 1922-1945
- Loyal, Patriotic, Not wasteful. Faith in institutions,
- Resilience, Strong work ethic, Influenced post work economic prosperity
What are the Baby boomers?
- born between 1946-1964
- Progressive, Social Change, Protests, Increased Drug Use, Largely more educated.
- Created larger consumer market (money and career driven), Calling for non-involvement in war, Increased gay rights and other such issues
What is Generation X?
- born 1965-1980
- Skeptical, Concern about safety and security, Independent, Globally concerned
- Starting to focus more on work-life balance, Introducing technology and internet, First generation to grow up with personal computers
What is Generation Y?
- born 1981-1996
- Increased use of technology, Seen as modern, Highly independent
Desk Jobs
Social Conscience - Involved in modernizing technology, Increased diversity and inclusivity, value life first work second
What are fertility rates?
ratio of live births in an area to the population of that area
What are replacement fertility rates?
average number of children that pregnant people of the same generation must have to result in another generation of the same size (replace themselves)
What is normative conformity?
acting within social norms
Change our attitudes and behaviours so people will like us
What is the strain theory?
According to Merton’s strain theory, societal structures can pressure individuals into committing crimes.
What is a catalyst?
A person or event that quickly causes change or action
What is an anomie?
to be left behind in the wake of social change
What is the labelling theory?
Primary: episodes of deviant behaviour that most people participate in (underage drinking)
Secondary: when someone makes something out of that deviant behaviour and is given a negative social label
What is control theory?
Conformity to social norms depend on the presence of strong bonds between individuals and society
If those bonds are weak or broken deviance occurs
What is Differential Association Theory?
emphasizes the role of primary groups and secondary groups in transmitting deviance. Individuals have a greater tendency to deviate from societal norms when they frequently associate with people who favour individuality over conformity
What is socio-economic status and its factors?
- Socio-economic status is the social standing or class of an individual or group, often measured as a combination of education, income, and occupation.
- factors include income, education, employment, community safety, and social supports
What is credentialism?
Credentialism is excessive reliance on credentials, especially academic degrees, in determining hiring or promotion policies.
What is contagion theory?
when relieved of individual responsibility, people are irrationally
What is convergence theory?
people who want to act a certain way intentionally come together to form crowds
What is Subjective validity?
people believe/accept ideas when they have personal meaning/significant to them
What is a mob?
crowd easily persuaded to take agressive or violent action to gain attention
What is a riot?
Riots are like mobs but are less spontaneous and involve more people/ last longer
What is Emergent Norm Theory?
combination of contagion and convergence theory. combination of like-minded individuals, anonymity, and shared emotion that leads to crowd behaviour.
What is deindividuation theory?
when people aren’t identified peronally, normal parameters that guide behaviour are not present (people feel less accountable)
What are the types of crowds?
- Casual crowds: not planned (people at a mall)
- Conventional crowds: planned with social norms (people at a concert)
- Expressive crowds: formed around an event with emotional appeal (new years eve)
- Acting crowds: members doing something that is directly related to their goal (protesters)
