1
Q
A seasonal migration of livestock and their herders between mountain pastures and lowland pastures.
A
Transhumance
2
Q
how did the human population grow before the 1800s?
A
Grew very slowly
3
Q
when did humans reach 1 billion?
A
around 1800
4
Q
what unintentionally lowered the rate of births in Europe?
A
Country kept larger armies
5
Q
cultural reality, economic, reality, political, reality, and environmental reality. These are all examples of what?
A
The four things that impact the decision have children
6
Q
as education increased for girls and women, what happens to the number of children she has?
A
Children rates decrease
7
Q
Family planning aided people in what way?
A
People who wanted to choose the number of children they had
8
Q
if you were unintended pregnancies, first child, late in life, intervals in having children, having fewer children. These are all examples of what?
A
Four things countries with access to family planning experience
9
Q
what historic event helped drop fertility rates and nations across Europe and the United States
A
Family planning
10
Q
what causes higher fertility rates and shape altitudes about children?
A
Religion
11
Q
when did the one child policy end in China?
A
2016
12
Q
what increased marriage age in African South Asia?
A
Banned child marriage
13
Q
economic growth, and increased military power. are examples of what?
A
Two reasons why government would increase family sizes.
14
Q
programs to increase fertility rate
A
Pronatalist policy
15
Q
paid time off, free, childcare, family discount. These are all examples of what?
A
Three things governments encourage and increase in total fertility rate
16
Q
what spread as population concentration grew?
A
Diseases
17
Q
what significantly reduce mortality rates in cities?
A
creation of public sewer systems
18
Q
before the industrial revolution, where was trash dumped
A
Streets and rivers
19
Q
what reduce water borne illnesses?
A
Boiling water
20
Q
when was the last case of smallpox reported?
A
1977
21
Q
what was the first widely used anabiotic?
A
Penicillin
22
Q
what does the demographic transition model show?
A
Five stages of population change
23
Q
what is an expensive population pyramid
A
One with high birth rate and low life expectancy
24
Q
what is a stationary population pyramid
A
indicates stable population
25
what challenge does a stage 2/3 country phase with lots of young people?
lacks resources to educate all
26
what challenge does a stage 4/5 country face with lots of old people?
funding healthcare
27
what allows old people to have more power than young people?
More government influence because they can vote.
28
what is the natural increase rate?(NIR)
CBR-CDR
29
what two ways do demographics describe population growth?
arithmetic growth, and exponential growth
30
what is the rule of 70
Approximate doubling time in years will be 70 divided by the rate per year growth
31
what stage of the epidemiological transaction model is this?:
Age of Pestilence and Famine
stage 1
32
what stage of the epidemiological transaction model is this?:
Age of Receding Pandemics
stage 2
33
what stage of the epidemiological transaction model is this?:
Age of Degenerative and Man-Made Diseases
stage 3
34
what stage of the epidemiological transaction model is this?:
Age of Delayed Degenerative Diseases
stage 4
35
what stage of the epidemiological transaction model is this?:
Age of Reemergence of Infectious Diseases
stage 5
36
what major lifestyle trench has helped increase life expectancy in the United States
Smoking
37
what did Malthus predict that society was heading towards?
Starvation
38
Malthus believed food production would increase arithmetically while population would increase ___________.
exponentially
39
what is the Malthusian theory?
Mouthless idea about population growth
40
what do Neo- Malthusians argue today?
Global over population is a serious problem and even greater threat for the future
41
what does human geography try to explain?
why people live where they do?
42
where do people wanna live?
places they can survive with relative ease of comfort, places where they can raise or obtain food and live in moderate climate.
43
where do most people live?
mid latitudes
44
Why do more people live in the northern hemisphere?
Moreland
45
why do most people live near oceans?
Keep land warmer in the winter and cool cooler in the summer
46
what heavily impacts population distribution
transportation networks
47
A scale changes what three things change as well?
climate, elevation, and industrialization
48
polluted air signals what four things?
industrialization, economic development, employment, and low property values
49
National-build military bases
State-might reduce population by adding a state park
City-allowing high-rise apartment buildings
These are all examples of?
A few examples of how government affects population density
50
The hierarchical division of people into groove based on factors such as economic status, power, ethnicity, or religion
social stratification
51
The population it can support without significant environmental deterioration
carrying capacity
52
what type of countries have low agricultural density?
Developed countries
53
why do Leicester developed countries have higher rates of farmers?
because farmers cannot afford modern technology, so they rely on labor
54
how many years passed between redrawing District lines?
10 years
55
what is redistricting?
when Urban areas increases population, rural areas decrease
56
five demographic changes that are involved in population composition:
language, ethnicity, religion, age, sex.
57
what three things change gender balance?
Wars, migration, and government policies
58
what is a baby boom
When the birth rate spikes an increase
59
what is a baby bust?
once the boom ends and births are decreasing
60
what is a birth deficit?
Slow down of births
61
what is one possible reason that the city has a large population of 18 to 25-year-olds?
Small city includes a university
62
what is one possible reason that he said he has a large population of older than 65-year-olds?
Community with warm climates
63
to willingly choose to move from one country to another
voluntary migration
64
to leave your country and migrate to another country
emigrate
65
to join a new country after leaving somewhere else
immigrate
66
temporarily live and work in a host country
guest workers
67
when people Margaret, the areas where there’s already an established contingent of similar people or ethnicities
chain migration
68
common in LDCs, it is when people move in several steps before reaching their final destination
step migration
69
when the most educated people of a country migrate elsewhere for better life
Brain drain
70
A negative aspect of where you are that causes you to leave
push factor
71
A positive aspect of somewhere else that makes you want to go there
pull factor
72
these are all examples of what factor:
1) few services
2) lack of job opportunities
3) unhappy life
4) poor transport links
5) natural disasters
6) wars
7) shortage of food
push factors
73
these are all examples of what factor:
1) access to services
2) better job opportunities
3) More entertainment facilities
4) better transport links
5) improved living conditions
6) hope for a better way of life
7) family links
pull factors
74
4 examples of intervening obstacles when migrating:
economic-running out of money stops a migrant from reaching destination
social-perhaps a migrant gets married along the way and settles down
political- a migrant can’t get a visa to enter the country they are heading toward.
environmental- a sea, desert, or a mountain range proves too difficult to cross
75
The action of practice of moving livestock from one grazing ground to another in a seasonal cycle, typically to low lands in the winter in Highlands in the summer.
transhumance migration
76
A process of movement and settlement across international borders in which individual individuals maintain or build multiple networks of connection to their country of origin while at the same time settling in a new country.
transnational migration
77
1) economic factors are the main cause of immigration
2) most migrants only move a short distance
3) long distance migrants are more likely to migrate to urban areas, because they believed cities are more likely to have jobs in rural areas
4) most migration is rural to urban migration, starting with the industrial revolution, which made less farm workers necessary, people have flocked from the country to the city
5) most migration occurs through step migration
6) most migrants are younger adult adults, people from age 20 to 45 with less established jobs
7) young men are more likely to migrate internationally, as it poses a great risk, but women are more likely to migrate internally, weather for work or to live with their husband’s family
8) each migration flow produces a compensating counterflow
these are all example examples of what laws?:
Ravenstein’s laws of migration
78
an equation that is used to calculate population changes from one year to the next and the given area, based on number of births, deaths, and migrations
demographic balancing equation
79
The projected amount of time that it would take for a given population to double
doubling time
80
associated with the calculation of doubling time. If you divide 70 by the annual percent growth of a country, you will get the number of years it will take its population to double.
rule of 70
81
what are the two types of legal U.S. immigrants?
permanent-as a lawful permanent resident(LPR), one receives a “ green card” is eligible to work, and may later apply for citizenship
temporary- diplomats, tourists, students, and workers with temporary visas
82
migration in which the individual or group migrating has no say about where they’re going or when
forced migration
83
an individual that leaves their homeland to avoid persecution or out of concern for their own personal safety
refugee
84
Shelter from physical harm and persecution that one country gives to a refugee from another country
asylum
85
refugee that did not escape their country
internally displaced person(IDP)
86
this theory parallels the demographic transition model, defining major changes in migration type overtime from the pre-industrial to the advanced industrial society
zelinsky’s model of mobility transition
87
The amount of births per year per 1000 people in population
crude birth rate
88
The amount of deaths per year per 1000 people in population
crude death rate
89
is the difference between number of births and deaths
rate of natural increase(RNI)
90
The average number of children born per woman in the society. In general, it needs to be above 2.1 for society to maintain its current population without migration. The number is higher than 2.0 because it is expected that some female children would die before reaching childbearing ages.
total fertility rate
91
The number of children who died before reaching age, one out of every thousand live births. It is higher in LDCs who have less quality medical care than MDC’s. In fact, the types of diseases contracted, and MD diseases and LDCs very greatly because of medical care as well.
infant mortality rate
92
demonstrates how less developed countries tend to be more likely to die from communicable diseases(flu, tuberculosis, rabies, measles, HIV/AIDS), well more developed countries tend to be more likely to die from lifestyle related, chronic diseases(diabetes, obesity, heart, disease, hypertension)
The epidemiological transition model
93
The average weather conditions of a region(typically measured over 30 years), and it includes the temperature, air pressure, humidity, precipitation, sunshine, cloudiness, and wins.
climate
94
land that people have made their permanent home
ecumene
95
people tend to want their ecumene to be in _________, less extreme, climates. they don’t want to be too near the poles(in higher latitudes) or too near the equator(in low latitudes). most people remain between 30° and 60° north latitude or 30° and 60° south latitude.
moderate
96
97
on a global scale, people don’t like to live in high elevations like the Himalayas, but on a more local level, there are not huge variances in climate, and the high highest elevation spots in town may be more desirable and valuable because of their good views.
physical scale
98
relative to rural areas, cities are often more polluted, yet because of the jobs offered there, people are willing to migrate to the city – a pattern on the regional scale, but on the local scale, they would not want to live right next to the most polluted areas
human scale
99
land that can be used for agriculture
arable land
100
The number of people per unit area of land
arithmetic density
101
The number of people per unit of arable land
physiological density
102
The amount of farmers per unit of arable land
agricultural density
103
two sided vertical bar graphs that show what percentages of people in certain age group groups make up a population. They can also be used to compare male to female population because the left side of the graph is the number of males of each age and the right side is the number of females.
population pyramids
104
tendency for growing populations to continue growing after a fertility decline because of their young age distribution
demographic momentum
105
The number of people that can be supported by the amount of food, water, and other resources in the area
carrying capacity
106
___________ was an English economist who said in 1780:
a) rapid population growth is a major caused in human poverty and misery
b) food supply increases arithmetically(1,2,3,4), wow population increases geometrically(1,2,4,8)
c)Conclusion: the geometrically growing population without growing areas, food supply, thus causing people to die off or leading people into poverty.
Thomas Malthus
107
_____________
-thinks Malthus predictions will come true by 2050
-created the S curve(logistic model) to show how a higher population densities, limited resources lead to competition and eventual end to population growth.
Neo Malthusian (Agrees with Malthus)
108
______________
- Ester Boserup argued in the 1960s that increase in population would create increase in workforce and thus more food.
-the _____________ suggests human invention and innovation will help expand food supply
Cornucopian Theory(disagrees with Malthus)
109
The number of dependents (people age 0–14 and over age 65) compared with the working population(age 15–64)
Dependency Ratio
110
what is the equation for the dependency ratio?
children(0-14)+elderly(65+)
————————————— x100
those of working ages (15-64)
111
laws enacted by the government to influence the size and structure of a countries population
population policies
112
biased information used to promote or publicize, a particular political cause of point of view
propaganda
113
policies, encouraging more babies, being born and higher birth rates
Pronatalist
114
Policies, discouraging large families and seeking lower birth rates
Antinatalist
115
Arithmetic density formula:
total population
————————
total amount of land
116
physiological density formula:
total population
————————
total amount of arable land
117
agricultural density formula:
amount of farmers
—————————————
total amount of arable land
AP Human Geography (9th grade)
flashcards
Decks in class (21)
# Cards
-
types of maps(unit 1)12
-
review of unit 18
-
vocabulary chapter 159
-
map projections unit 111
-
vocab chapter 225
-
world regions densitys14
-
vocab chapter 326
-
FRQ study unit 210
-
unit 2 study117
-
vocab chapter 420
-
another chapter 4 vocab?19
-
unit 3 test97
-
vocab19
-
midterm(litterally just the questions from the previous tests)266
-
unit 5 vocab41
-
unit 5 test309
-
vocab unit 629
-
frq unit 79
-
unit 7 :(48
-
unit 6 quiz vocab25
-
relative location major xities map qui31
