AP Human Geography (9th grade) > unit 3 test > Flashcards

unit 3 test Flashcards

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1
Q

Rapid, widespread diffusion of a trait through direct contact (like viral trends).

A

contagious diffusion

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2
Q

Memes going viral; slang spreading through teens; spread of diseases; spread of Islam early on through daily contact.

These are examples of what diffusion?

A

two examples of contagious diffusion

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3
Q

Spread of ideas from people or places of power to others (large cities → smaller towns).

A

hierarchical diffusion

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4
Q

Fashion from Paris; new tech adopted by wealthy first; hip-hop spreading from big cities.

These are examples of what diffusion?

A

Hierarchical Diffusion

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5
Q

Fashion from Paris; new tech adopted by wealthy first; hip-hop spreading from big cities.

These are examples of what diffusion?

A

Hierarchical Diffusion

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6
Q

When an idea spreads but is changed or adapted by new adopters.

A

stimulus diffusion

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7
Q

McDonald’s vegetarian menu in India; paper money spreading but changing form; global fast-food adapting to local tastes.

These are examples of what diffusion?

A

stimulus diffusion

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8
Q

Who is the Founder of Judaism?

A

Abraham

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9
Q

Where is the Hearth of Judaism?

A

Israel/Palestine (Canaan).

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10
Q

What is the Symbol of Judaism?

A

Star of David

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11
Q

What is the Sacred text of Judaism?

A

Torah

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12
Q

Who is the Founder of Christianity?

A

Jesus Christ

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13
Q

Where is the Hearth of Christianity?

A

Israel/Palestine (Jerusalem).

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14
Q

What is the Sacred text of Christianity?

A

Bible

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15
Q

What is the Symbol of Christianity?

A

Cross

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16
Q

Who is the Founder of Islam?

A

Prophet Muhammad.

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17
Q

Where is the Hearth of Islam?

A

Mecca (Saudi Arabia).

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18
Q

What is the Sacred text of Islam?

A

Qur’an

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19
Q

House of worship for Islam?

A

Mosque

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20
Q

Where is the Hearth of Hinduism?

A

Indus River Valley (India)

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21
Q

What are the Sacred texts of Hinduism?

A

Vedas, Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita.

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22
Q

What are the beliefs of Hinduism?

A

Karma, dharma, reincarnation, castes.

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23
Q

What is the symbol of Hinduism

A

Om (🕉️)

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24
Q

Who is the Founder of Buddhism?

A

Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha).

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25
What does Buddha mean?
The Enlightened One
26
In Buddhism How does one escape suffering?
Follow the Eightfold Path (right speech, action, mindfulness, etc.).
27
Where is the hearth of Shinto?
Japan
28
What is the Focus of Shinto?
Purity and nature spirits (kami).
29
What is the Symbol of Shinto?
Torii gate (⛩️)
30
Tied to one group/place, does NOT seek converts (Ex: Hinduism, Judaism).
ethnic religion
31
Seeks followers everywhere (Ex: Christianity, Islam, Buddhism).
Universalizing Religion
32
What is monotheism?
belief in one god
33
What is karma?
Actions affect future outcomes.
34
What is dharma?
Moral/religious duties in Hinduism.
35
What is the caste system?
Hindu social hierarchy based on birth.
36
What is sharia?
Islamic law based on Qur’an + teachings of Muhammad.
37
What is diaspora?
Scattering of a people from their homeland (ex: Jews).
38
What is a pilgrimage?
Religious journey to a sacred site (ex: Mecca for Muslims).
39
What is cultural relativism?
Understanding a culture on its own terms
40
What is ethnocentrism?
Judging another culture by your own standards.
41
A common language used for trade/communication (ex: English globally).
Lingua Franca
42
What is a creole language?
A blended language formed from multiple languages (ex: Haitian Creole)
43
What is colonialism?
A country settles and controls another (ex: British India, Spanish Americas).
44
Powerful countries dominating others for power/resources (ex: Africa 1800s, U.S. in Philippines).
What is imperialism?
45
What is a centripetal force?
Unifies a country (shared language, religion, culture).
46
What is a centrifugal force?
Divides a country (ethnic conflict, different religions).
47
What is sequent occupancy?
Layers of history left by different groups in one place.
48
Strict belief in traditional religious principles.
fundamentalism
49
What are blue laws?
Laws restricting certain activities on Sundays for religious reasons.
50
Where are Baptists found?
Southeast U.S.
51
Where are Lutherans found?
Upper Midwest
52
Where are Catholics found?
Northeast, Southwest, West Coast.
53
Where are Mormons found?
Utah + surrounding states.
54
The shared practices, technologies, attitudes, and behaviors transmitted by a society
culture
55
A single characteristic of a culture (e.g., food, clothing, language, rituals).
cultural trait
56
A set of interrelated cultural traits (e.g., football: rules, uniforms, traditions, etc.).
cultural complex
57
The visible imprint of humans on the land — buildings, farms, signs, roads, etc.
cultural landscape
58
Layers of cultural history left by different groups in a place over time.
sequent occupancy
59
Culture practiced by small, isolated, homogeneous groups; spreads slowly through relocation.
folk culture
60
Culture found in large, diverse societies; spreads fast through globalization and media.
popular culture
61
How does folk culture diffuse?
relocation diffusion
62
How does pop culture diffuse?
Hierarchical and contagious diffusion (from cities, celebrities, media).
63
What is cultural convergence?
When cultures become more alike due to technology and globalization.
64
What is cultural divergence?
When cultures become different as they resist outside influence.
65
Fast, widespread diffusion through direct contact.
contagious diffusion
66
Spread from authority or major cities to less influential places.
hierarchical diffusion
67
The idea spreads, but is changed or altered by adopters.
stimulus diffusion
68
Spread of culture through physical movement of people.
relocation diffusion
69
Spread of culture through physical movement of people.
relocation diffusion
70
A group of languages with a common ancestor.
language family
71
largest language family
Indo-European.
72
A common language used by people who speak different native languages (ex: English).
Lingua Franca
73
Simplified mix of languages used for trade/communication.
Pidgin language
74
A pidgin language that becomes the native language of a group.
creole language
75
Languages become different over time.
language divergence
76
Languages blend together.
language convergence
77
Seeks converts, spreads widely (ex: Christianity, Islam, Buddhism).
universalizing religion
78
Tied to one group/place; does NOT seek converts (ex: Hinduism, Judaism).
ethnic religon
79
Hearth of Christianity?
Jerusalem, Middle East.
80
Hearth of Islam?
Mecca, Saudi Arabia.
81
Hearth of Buddhism?
India/Nepal.
82
Hearth of Hinduism?
India/Indus River Valley.
83
Identity based on cultural traits like language, religion, and ancestry.
ethnicity
84
Identity based on physical traits (skin color).
race
85
what is ethnic cleansing?
Removing a group from an area through violence or forced migration.
86
Systematic extermination of a group.
genocide
87
What is toponymy?
The study of place names.
88
What is nationalism?
Strong loyalty to a country or ethnic group.
89
What is acculturation?
Adopting SOME traits of a new culture while keeping original culture.
90
What is assimilation?
Losing original culture and fully adopting the new one.
91
What is syncretism?
Blending two cultures or religions into something new.
92
What is multiculturalism?
A society with many different cultures coexisting.
93
Unifies a country (shared language, religion, symbols).
centripetal force
94
Divides a country (ethnic conflict, language barriers).
centrifugal force
95
How did Christianity spread?
Hierarchical (Roman Empire) + relocation + contagious.
96
How did Islam spread?
Contagious (daily contact) + relocation + military conquest.
97
How did Buddhism spread?
Relocation (missionaries) + hierarchical.
AP Human Geography (9th grade)
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