Unit 2 Test - Prosocial Behavior

Question 1

Prosocial behavior

Answer 1

act performed with goal of benefitting others

Question 2

Altruism

Answer 2

unselfishly helping others

Question 3

Batson’s Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis

Answer 3

empathy drives altruistic motives even at a great cost

no empathy drives egocentric motives where individuals only pursue paths where benefit > cost

Question 4

Dispositional Empathy

Answer 4

4 characteristics/attributes:
1) Perspective Taking
2) Fantasy
3) Empathic Concern
4) Personal distress

Question 5

Perspective Taking

Answer 5

being able to take another persons POV

Question 6

Fantasy

Answer 6

being ‘transported’ into feelings/actions of fictitious others

Question 7

Empathic Concern

Answer 7

concern/sympathy for those who are suffering

Question 8

Personal distress

Answer 8

anxiety & unease brought on by others’ suffering

Question 9

Cognitive Empathy

Answer 9

how well we perceive and understand another’s emotions (theory of mind)

Question 10

Emotional/Affective Empathy

Answer 10

feeling what others feel and experiencing concern or compassion for those in peril

Question 11

Bystander Effect

Answer 11

when people see someone in need but fail to help them because of 2 things:
1) Pluralistic Ignorance
2) Diffusion of Responsibility

Question 12

Pluralistic Ignorance

Answer 12

assuming that no one perceives things as we do.. and our behavior depends on others’ responses

Question 13

Diffusion of Responsibility

Answer 13

we help less when more ppl around bc we assume they will do it and more anonymity

Question 14

Darley & Latane (1968) study

Answer 14

Procedure: ppl are in a group decision and hear someone having a seizure

Results: group with less ppl -> more likely to help

Question 15

Social Exchange Theory

Answer 15

help provided only when
benefits > costs

Question 16

Batson et al. (1991)

Answer 16

Procedure:
a) you - teacher, confederate - learner
b) you watch shocks get administered
c) experimenter asks if you want to switch places

Results:
those with more similarity to the learner (high empathy), despite having a low chance of escape, were more likely to help

Question 17

Why do people help?

Answer 17

1) Kin Selection
2) Reciprocity/altruism
3) Situational factors - proximity (location) & similarity to person in need

Question 18

How to promote helping

Answer 18

a) having strong models for helping behavior
b) providing enough incentive
c) elicit empathy in individual