what are the hazards associated with X-rays?
Skin damage:- radiation burn, radiation dermatitis, cataracts
Radiation sickness
Leukemia
Hair loss
Scatter radiation
what is the controlled area?
Thecontrolled areais defined as 1.5m around thex-raytube and the patient and within the primaryx-raybeam (until it has been sufficiently attenuated by distance or shielding) It should not normally extend beyond thex-rayroom or surgery
what are the diagnostic values of a x-ray?
Diagnostically acceptable (A) and diagnostically not acceptable (N)
what is the definition of diagnostically acceptable?
No errors or minimal errors in either patient preparation, exposure, positioning, image (receptor) processing or image reconstruction and of sufficient image quality to answer the clinical question.
this should 90-95% of x-rays taken
what is the definition of diagnostically not acceptable ?
Errors in ether patient preparation, exposure, positioning, image (receptor) processing or image reconstruction which render the image diagnostically unacceptable.
should not be more then 5-10% of x-rays taken
what are the intraoral techniques?
bitewings, periapical and occlusal
what are extraoral techniques?
panoramic (DPT/OPG)
cephalomettric
cone beam (cbct)
What do bitewing radiographs do?
Primarily used for detecting interdental caries and assessing alveolar bone levels
what do periapical radiographs do?
Used to examine the entire tooth and surrounding bone, specifically aiming for the root apex (diagnosing cysts/abscesses).
what do occlusal radiographs do?
Used to visualize larger areas of the floor of the mouth or palate, useful for locating unerupted teeth or fractures.
what do panoramic (DPT/OPG) do?
A wide-view image of both jaws, often used for assessing wisdom teeth, orthodontics, and overall tooth development.
what do cephlametric x-ray’s do?
Used primarily in orthodontics to measure the relationship of the jaws to the skull.
what do CBCT x-rays do?
A 3D imaging tool widely adopted for complex cases, such as implant planning, endodontics, and impacted teeth
