Unit 4

Question 1

Petrarch

Answer 1

• was a scholar and poet of the early Italian Renaissance
• believed that humanity could once more reach the heights of past accomplishments
• nicknamed “humanism”

Question 2

Greco-Roman World

Answer 2

• many Greek and Roman ideas and concepts became popular.
• fancy word for Greco-Roman is “classicism”

Question 3

Renaissance

Answer 3

= Rebirth
: Period between 1450-1650 in which Western Europe Seas increase in —>
1. Trade
2. New ideas
3. New technology

PART 2
- a period of time that followed in the Middle Ages, circa 1350-1600 C.E.

Question 4

Middle Ages nickname

Answer 4

Dark Ages
- because of a supposed lack of scientific and cultural advancement

Question 5

Medici Family

Answer 5

• a powerful, rich family from Florence that funded artists, architects, and scientists
• The Medici family got their money from the Medici bank, which financed merchants, etc.

Question 6

Recall of Middle Ages

Answer 6

POLITICAL
- no centralized government
- The Pope/Roman Catholic Church added as a de-fecto gov’t
ECONOMIC
- Economic system —> Manorialism
- Land = Power
- Little to no trade between manors.
SOCIAL
- social system —> feudalism
- most people were Roman Catholic

Question 7

GEOGRAPHIC CONTEXT

Answer 7

The Italian City States were located in Southern Europe. The Mediterranean Sea allowed the city-states to get a lot of trade and resources which made them wealthy. Their wealth started golden age.

Question 8

FACTS (1)

Answer 8

VENICE
After various disasters after the fall of Rome, Venice became a dependency of the Byzantine Empire, It became a great trading and maritime power. It greatly benefited from its role in the Crusades, it became the wealthiest city with the largest navy and equitable laws.

Question 9

FACTS (2)

Answer 9

FLORENCE
Florence was a Republic where a constitution limited the power of the nobility and ensured that no one could have complete political control. Very small percentage of the population had the vote.

Question 10

FACTS (3)

Answer 10

Art and other Renaissance pursuits
became a beacon of humanist ideas

Question 11

Circa

Answer 11

around, about..
circa 1300 hundreds

Question 12

Humanism

Answer 12

• philosophy that states all humans have potential.

Question 13

Secularism

Answer 13

• separation of religion from everyday affairs.

Question 14

Classicism

Answer 14

• study of Greek and Roman literature, art and architecture.

Question 15

Individualism

Answer 15

• beliefs that individuals are independent and free thinking.

Question 16

Skepticism

Answer 16

• questioning all beliefs and knowledge.

Question 17

Compare and contrast the Middle Ages with the Italian Renaissance.

Answer 17

• The Middle Ages and the Renaissance were similar in many ways. For example, in both time periods the Roman Catholic Church played an important role in everything life.
  However, these periods were different because the architecture in the Renaissance war based on Greco-Roman styles instead of Gothic.

Question 18

Machiavelli

Answer 18

• An Italian historian, politician, diplomat, philosopher, humanist and writer
• founder of modern political science

Question 19

The Prince

Answer 19

• written by Machiavelli as a guide for new royals
• described how to acquire power, create a state and keep it
• based on his own experience as a foreign secretary in Province

Question 20

What were the historical circumferences that led Machiavelli to write the Prince?

Answer 20

• What led to Machiavelli writing the Prince was the Medici family taking control of Florence and torturing and exiling him.

Question 21

What was Machiavelli’s point of view regarding power?

Answer 21

• Machiavelli believed that leaders needed to be feared and not loved. His quote : “the end justify the means”
  ends=goal, means=how you get it

Question 22

Italian Renaissance

Answer 22

• began in Italy in the 14th century (1300s)
• Mediterranean Sea = trade routes = wealth= new education and arts
• began in Italy due to its location along Mediterranean Sea

Question 23

Northern Renaissance

Answer 23

• 1400s the ideas and innovations of the Renaissance began to spread from Italy to other parts of Europe like Netherlands
• Monarchs became patrons (supporters of the arts
• fewer Greco-Roman ideas
• look to Christianity for inspiration
• focus on daily life

Question 24

One way in which the writers of the Renaissance were influenced by the writers of ancient Greece was that the Renaissance writers …

Answer 24

• were stressed the power of human reason

Question 25

Which factor contributed to the beginning of the Renaissance in Italian cities

Answer 25

- access to important trade routes

Question 26

Which statement best expresses an idea held by many Renaissance humanist philosophers

Answer 26

- people should study world subjects as well as sacred matters

Question 27

The Renaissance in western Europe is best described as a period marked by

Answer 27

- great intellectual and artistic creativity

Question 28

Indulgences

Answer 28

- were pieces of paper issued by the Catholic Church that forgave sins. - Catholic church cold indulgences to raise money to fund buildings and churches. - implied that the rich can buy their way to heaven while the poor can't

Question 29

Martin Luther

Answer 29

-Became a Catholic monk in 1507 CE - frustrated with the price of indulgences - excommunication after he refused to take 95 these down

Question 30

95 Theses

Answer 30

in 1517, the leader wrote his 95 Theses where he expressed his outrage with the actions of church - printing press allowed to spread 95 theses - encouraged others to question the power of catholic church

Question 31

Historical Circumferences

Answer 31

- What led to the Protestant Reformation was that in 1517 Martin Luther wrote 95 Theses that argued about church and Pope lying to their followers about indulgences and holding too much power. As a result, he was excommunicated but he encouraged others to question the power of Catholic Church.

Question 32

Henry the 8th wives

Answer 32

Catherine of Aragon - DIVORCED Anne Boleyn - BEHEADED Jane Seymour - DIED Anne of Cleves - DIVORCED Catherine Howard - BEHEADED Catherine Parr - SURVIVED

Question 33

John Calvin

Answer 33

- a protestant reformer who left France for Switzerland due to prosecution - believed in the concept of predestination (God already chose who would go to heaven or hell, so people had to prove themselves with good actions) - people didn't have free will

Question 34

Heresy

Answer 34

- belief or opinion that goes against or ... religious teachings - heretic : person

Question 35

Henry VIII

Answer 35

- Pope of the Roman Catholic church refused to grant Henry 8th a divorce - Henry creates the Act of supremacy in 1534, creating a whole new form of Christianity known as Anglicanism, or the church of England.

Question 36

Excommunication

Answer 36

- the act of being executed or kicked out of the Roman Catholic church.

Question 37

Historical circumferences (printing press)

Answer 37

- What led to the creation of printing press was early printing technology, lie moveable type spreading from China to Europe through trade. Gutenberg created the printing press to make materials more accessible.

Question 38

Turning point - printing press and RCC

Answer 38

Document 1 illustrates the printing press. More people began to read the Bible and Martin Luther published 95 Theses as he was outraged with the sale of indulgences. This led to the Catholic Church losing followers. As a result, church rules met at the council of Tibet to make changes to religion.

Question 39

The Renaissance

Answer 39

EVENT - "Rebirth" Western Europe, 1400s-1600s Began in the Italian city states

Question 40

Humanism

Answer 40

- belief that all people have potential - encouraged education

Question 41

Machiavelli

Answer 41

- wrote "the prince" (how leaders can get and keep power" - got his book famous due to the printing press - "it's better to be feared than loved

Question 42

Johannes Gutenberg

Answer 42

- painting press (1450s) Based on moveable type from china

Question 43

Martin Luther

Answer 43

"95 Theses" criticizes indulgences - to reform the church -excommunication

Question 44

The protestant Refomation

Answer 44

- a period in which Europeans question and break away from RCC