UNIVERSALIZABILITY (PRE-FINAL)

Question 1

Is a fundamental ethical principle stating that a moral action or rule is considered right if it can be consistently applied universally to all rational beings without contradiction.

Answer 1

Universalizability

Question 2

This idea emphasizes impartiality and consistency, meaning that if a particular action is morally acceptable for one person in a specific situation, it should be morally acceptable for anyone else in a similar situation.

Answer 2

Universalizability

Question 3

An action is right only if it can be done by everyone, everywhere, without contradiction

Answer 3

Universalizability

Question 3

So, if an action is only okay when you do it but not okay if everyone did it, then it’s ________.

Answer 3

not moral

Question 4

TWO KINDS OF MORAL THEORY

Answer 4

Substantive Moral Theory
Formal Moral Theory

Question 5

Specifies particular duties or actions directly; provides clear, concrete rules.

Answer 5

Substantive Moral Theory

Question 6

Does not provide direct rules but gives a framework or procedure for determining what the moral rules ought to be.

Answer 6

Formal Moral Theory

Question 7

Ten Commandments

Answer 7

Substantive Moral Thedry

Question 8

The golden rule: Do unto others as you would have them do unto you

Answer 8

Formal Moral Theory

Question 9

is the principle thal a moral rule or judgment must be applicable To all similar situations withoud confradiction,

Answer 9

UNIVERSALIZABILITY

Question 10

Imagine you cheat on a test.
If everyone cheated, grades would be _________ — teachers couldn’t know who actually learned.
So, the rule “It’s okay to cheat” __________ as a universal law.
Therefore, cheating is ________ based on Universalizability.

Answer 10

meaningless
would not work
wrong

Question 11

Absolute or applicable in all situations

Answer 11

The Categorical Imperative

Question 12

Obligation or something that must be done

Answer 12

The Categorical Imperative

Question 13

Kants ________ gives us a procedural way to judge right and wrong

Answer 13

The Categorical Imperative

Question 14

It is summarized as “Act only according to that maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law.”

Answer 14

The Categorical Imperative

Question 15

Do something only if you believe it would still be okay if everyone did the same thing.

Answer 15

The Categorical Imperative

Question 17

Gives specific rules about what is right or wrong.

Answer 17

Substantive Moral Theory

Question 18

Example: “Don’t lie,” “Don’t steal,” “Help others.”

Answer 18

Substantive Moral Theory

Question 19

It already tells you what to do.

Answer 19

Substantive Moral Theory

Question 20

Doesn’t tell you directly what’s right or wrong.

Answer 20

Formal Moral Theory

Question 21

Instead, it gives a process or framework for deciding what’s right or wrong.

Answer 21

Formal Moral Theory

Question 22

Kant’s theory is _________, because it helps us test our own actions using reasoning — not by following someone else’s rule.

Answer 22

formal

Question 23

Four Key Elements
(in the Formulation of the Categorical Imperative

Answer 23

2. Maxim
3. Will
4. Universal Law

Question 24

the specific behavior or conduct being considered

Answer 24

Action

Question 25

What you actually do

Answer 25

Action

Question 26

The __________ is the outward behavior.

Answer 26

action

Question 27

A student finds a wallet and decides to return it.

Answer 27

action

Question 28

the subjective principle or rule that guides your action.

Answer 28

Maxim

Question 29

The personal rule or reason behind your action

Answer 29

Maxim

Question 30

The principle or reason behind the action

Answer 30

Maxim

Question 31

The _______ is the personal rule guiding the action

Answer 31

Maxim

Question 32

The student thinks, " whenever i find something that isnt mine, I should return it to the rightful owner"

Answer 32

Maxim

Question 33

“Whenever I find something that isn’t mine, I’ll return it.”

Answer 33

Maxim

Question 34

Refers to the rational agent’s intention or rational desire to act based on the maxim.

Answer 34

Will

Question 35

The intention or motivation to act from duty

Answer 35

Will

Question 36

For Kant, what matters is the ______ behind the action

Answer 36

Will

Question 37

Your intention or motivation — why you do it

Answer 37

Will

Question 38

The student returns it not for praise, but because it’s the right thing.

Answer 38

Will

Question 39

this is the core of the test.

Answer 39

Universal Law

Question 40

You must ask if you could rationally will that the maxim (your subjective principle) should become a law that applies to everyone, everywhere, under all circumstances.

Answer 40

Universal Law

Question 41

Testing is the maxim can apply to everyone

Answer 41

Universal Law

Question 42

Can your personal rule (maxim) apply to everyone without contradiction?

Answer 42

Universal Law

Question 43

If everyone returned lost things, the world would be honest and fair.

Answer 43

Universal Law

Question 44

This tep check whether your maxim can be applied universally without contradiction

Answer 44

Universal Law

Question 45

A __________ is a subjective principle guiding our actions-like a personal rule or policy, rather than an objective moral law.

Answer 45

maxim

Question 46

Maxims shape daily decisions, often unconsciously, e.g.: "When exams start, I go to mass for good luck."

Answer 46

maxim

Question 47

They can be very personal, but we assess their morality by imagining them as universal laws.

Answer 47

maxim

Question 48

A _______ is your personal rule or “mini-policy” that guides your choices. It’s not a law — it’s what you personally believe you should do.

Answer 48

maxim

Question 49

“When I’m stressed, I take a walk.”

Answer 49

maxim

Question 50

“When exam week begins, I go to church to pray for good luck.”

Answer 50

maxim

Question 51

“When I borrow money, I always pay it back.”

Answer 51

maxim

Question 52

We can test whether a ______ is moral by asking: “What if everyone followed this same rule?”

Answer 52

maxim

Question 53

Kant instructs us to imagine the maxim as a _________ that everyone must follow.

Answer 53

universal law

Question 54

In Groundwork Towards a Methaphysics of Morals, Kant takes up the issue of making _________.

Answer 54

false promises

Question 55

A man needed money but couldn’t repay it. He thought, “I’ll borrow money and promise to pay it back, even though I know I won’t.”

Answer 55

false promises

Question 56

Element Description Action- Borrowing money without intending to repay Maxim- “When I need money, I can borrow even if I won’t repay.” Will- The intention is selfish — to get money by lying. Universal Law- If everyone did this, no one would lend money anymore — borrowing would stop existing!

Answer 56

Therefore, the action is immora