UTILITARIANISM (Pre-final)

Question 1

Morality judged by consequences

Answer 1

UTILITARIANISM

Question 2

Greatest good for the greatest number

Answer 2

UTILITARIANISM

Question 3

__________ – Quantitative (pleasure vs. pain)

Answer 3

Bentham

Question 4

________– Qualitative (higher vs. lower pleasures)

Answer 4

Mill

Question 5

Mill – _____________

Answer 5

Qualitative (higher vs. lower pleasures)

Question 6

Bentham – __________

Answer 6

Quantitative (pleasure vs. pain)

Question 7

FOUR THESES OF UTILITARIANISM

Answer 7

Consequentialism
Hedonism
Maximization
Universalism

Question 8

Rightness = outcomes

Answer 8

Consequentialism

Question 9

Happiness = ultimate good

Answer 9

Hedonism

Question 10

Most good, least bad

Answer 10

Maximization

Question 11

Everyone’s happiness counts equally

Answer 11

Universalism

Question 12

BENTHAM VS. MILL

Answer 12

BENTHAM:
Pleasure = greatest good

MILL:
Happiness = common good

Question 13

Pleasure = greatest good

Answer 13

BENTHAM

Question 14

Hedonic calculus (quantitative)

Answer 14

BENTHAM

Question 15

Act utilitarianism

Answer 15

BENTHAM

Question 16

Happiness = common good

Answer 16

MILL:

Question 17

Higher vs. lower pleasures (qualitative)

Answer 17

MILL

Question 18

Rule utilitarianism

Answer 18

MILL

Question 19

4 VARIANTS OF UTILITARIANISM

Answer 19

Act Utilitarianism
Rule Utilitarianism
Preference Utilitarianism
Negative Utilitarianism

Question 20

Follow rules that maximize good

Answer 20

Rule Utilitarianism

Question 21

Judge each act

Answer 21

Act Utilitarianism

Question 22

Respect people’s wants

Answer 22

Preference Utilitarianism

Question 23

Minimize suffering

Answer 23

Negative Utilitarianism

Question 24

STRENGTHS of UTILITARIANISM (3)

Answer 24

Clear & practical
Focuses on collective good
Useful in policy & crisis
Examples: Vaccination, disaster relief, healthcare allocation

Question 25

4 CRITIQUES & CHALLENGES OF UTILITARISNISM

Answer 25

Can sacrifice individual rights Hard to measure happiness Unpredictable outcomes Demanding → always maximize good

Question 26

Amount of happiness

Answer 26

Quantitative (Bentham):

Question 27

Higher vs. lower pleasures

Answer 27

Qualitative (Mill):

Question 28

Respect wants

Answer 28

Preference Utilitarianism:

Question 29

Future generations

Answer 29

Long-term Utility

Question 30

Strength OF UTILITARINISM:______________

Answer 30

Outcome-focused, big picture

Question 31

Weakness UTILITARINISM : ___________

Answer 31

May ignore fairness & rights

Question 32

GPT READY!!!!

Answer 32

GOOO!!

Question 33

___________ is a moral theory — meaning, it’s a way to tell what is right or wrong.

Answer 33

Utilitarianism

Question 34

It was created by _________ and later improved by ____________

Answer 34

Jeremy Bentham John Stuart Mill.

Question 35

An action is good if it brings the greatest happiness to the greatest number of people.

Answer 35

Utilitarianism

Question 36

In other words, what matters in Utilitarianism is the ________ or __________ of what you do — not the intention.

Answer 36

result consequence

Question 37

THE FOUR MAIN IDEAS (Theses) OF UTILITARIANISM

Answer 37

1. Consequentialism 2. Hedonism 3. Maximization 4. Universalism

Question 38

The result (or consequence) is what matters.

Answer 38

Consequentialism

Question 39

If the outcome is good, the action is good.

Answer 39

If the outcome is good, the action is good.

Question 40

Happiness or pleasure is the ultimate good.

Answer 40

Hedonism

Question 41

The goal in life is to be happy and avoid pain.

Answer 41

Hedonism

Question 42

We should create as much happiness and as little pain as possible.

Answer 42

Maximization

Question 43

Everyone’s happiness counts equally, not just your own.

Answer 43

Universalism

Question 44

He believed pleasure and pain can be measured — like numbers.

Answer 44

JEREMY BENTHAM (Quantitative Utilitarianism)

Question 45

He made a formula called the Felicific Calculus (or Hedonic Calculus).

Answer 45

JEREMY BENTHAM (Quantitative Utilitarianism)

Question 46

It helps you “calculate” how much happiness or pain an action brings.

Answer 46

JEREMY BENTHAM (Quantitative Utilitarianism)

Question 47

If you share food with others and 10 people are happy while only 1 is sad because there’s less left, then the action is _______ — because happiness outweighs pain.

Answer 47

right

Question 48

Mill agreed with Bentham’s idea of happiness but said: “Not all pleasures are _______.”

Answer 48

equal

Question 49

Some pleasures are _______(intellectual, moral, meaningful) while others are _____ (physical, temporary).

Answer 49

higher lower

Question 50

for Mill, ______ of happiness is more important than ________.

Answer 50

quality quantity

Question 51

4 TWO TYPES OF UTILITARIANISM

Answer 51

1. Act Utilitarianism 2. Rule Utilitarianism 3. Preference Utilitarianism 4. Negative Utilitarianism

Question 52

You look at each action and decide if it gives the greatest happiness.

Answer 52

Act Utilitarianism

Question 53

The action itself is judged.

Answer 53

Act Utilitarianism

Question 54

You see someone stealing food. You ask: “Did that act bring more happiness than pain?”

Answer 54

Act Utilitarianism

Question 55

If it helped many starving people and didn’t hurt anyone badly, an _________ might say it’s good.

Answer 55

act utilitarian

Question 56

Instead of judging each act, we look at the rule or law behind it.

Answer 56

Rule Utilitarianism

Question 57

A rule is good if it brings happiness when people follow it.

Answer 57

Rule Utilitarianism

Question 58

There’s a rule “Don’t steal.”

Answer 58

Rule Utilitarianism

Question 59

Even if stealing sometimes helps, ________ makes society happier in the long run — so it’s still the right rule.

Answer 59

following this rule

Question 60

Respect what people want or prefer.

Answer 60

Preference Utilitarianism

Question 61

If people prefer freedom, rules should protect that.

Answer 61

Preference Utilitarianism

Question 62

Focus on reducing suffering rather than increasing happiness.

Answer 62

Negative Utilitarianism

Question 62

Stopping hunger or pain is more important than giving luxury.

Answer 62

Negative Utilitarianism