Upper Limb (Bones, Joints)

Question 1

Recap: State the 3 types of joints found in the body. Give an example for each joint.

Answer 1

1. fibrous joint - skull sutures
2. cartilaginous joint - vertebral column, pubic symphysis
3. synovial joint - shoulder joint

Question 2

Label parts of the synovial joint

Answer 2

Question 3

Label the SCAPULA fossa

Answer 3

Question 4

Lavel the scapular muscles that can be seen and state the location of attachment on humerus

Answer 4

Question 5

Label the muscles

Answer 5

Question 6

ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES:
- 4 muscles =
- Holds the ____ of humerus against ____ cavity of the scapula
Function:

Answer 6

ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES:
- 4 muscles = SUBSCAPULARIS, SUPRASPINATUS, INFRASPINATUS, TERES MINOR
- Holds the HEAD of humerus against GLENOID cavity of the scapula
Function: Stabilises the glenohumeral joint

Question 7

In the humerus, fracture of the… leads to … lesion
1. Surgical neck
2. Shaft
3. Lateral supracondyle
4. Medial epicondyle

Answer 7

In the humerus, fracture of the… leads to … lesion
1. Surgical neck - axillary N lesion
2. Shaft - radial N lesion
3. Lateral supracondyle - median N lesion
4. Medial epicondyle - ulnar N lesion

Question 8

Name the 5 ligaments that strengthen and support the shoulder joint.

Answer 8

1. glenohumeral (anterior) ligament
2. coracohumeral ligament (superior)
3. coracoacromial ligament (superior)
4. trasverse humeral ligament
5. capsular ligament

Question 9

State the nerves that innervate the shoulder joint. (2)

Answer 9

1. suprascapular nerve
2. axillary nerve

Question 10

In shoulder dislocation
- ____ dislocation is more common and leads to ____ nerve being injured
- ____ muscle is weakened or paralysed

Answer 10

In shoulder dislocation
- ANTERIOR dislocation is more common and leads to AXILLARY nerve being injured
- DELTOID muscle is weakened or paralysed

Question 11

State the 3 factors that stabilise the shoulder joint.

Answer 11

1. tonus of rotator cuff muscle holding head of humerus in glenoid cavity
2. ligaments
3. coracobrachialis, long/short head of biceps resist downward dislocation

Question 12

State the 3 articulations of the elbow joint.

Answer 12

1. trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna
2. capitulum and upper surface of radial head
3. head of radius and radial notch of ulna

Question 13

State the ligaments that strenghten the elbow joint

Answer 13

1. lateral collateral ligament
2. annular ligament (holds radial head against radial notch of ulna)
3. medial collateral ligament
4. capsular ligament

Question 14

State the nerves that innervate the elbow joint

Answer 14

1. musculocutaneous nerve
2. radial nerve
3. ulnar nerve

Question 15

CARRYING ANGLE is the angle formed by the axes of the ____ and the ____ when the forearm is in full ____ and ____

Answer 15

CARRYING ANGLE is the angle formed by the axes of the ARM and the FOREARM when the forearm is in full EXTENSION and SUPINATION

Question 16

State the ligaments that support the wrist

Answer 16

1. palmar radiocarpal ligament
2. radial collateral ligament
3. ulnar collateral ligament

Question 17

State the 3 common fractures/dislocations occurring in the wrist. State how each fracture can occur.

Answer 17

1. DISTAL RADIUS FRACTURE - fall on outstretched arm (FOOSH)
2. SCAPHOID FRACTURE - fall on outstretched hand with wrist extended and abducted
3. ANTERIOR DISLOCATION OF LUNATE - fall on dorsiflexed wrist (causes carpal tunnel syndrome)