Embryology > Vascular System > Flashcards

Vascular System Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Cardiovascular System

A

A closed network of arteries and veins and their branches that circulates blood throughout the body via the pumping actions of the heart

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2
Q

Where do Arteries carry blood and what is the exception

A

Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body where the pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart to the lungs

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3
Q

Where do veins carry blood and what is the exception

A

They carry de-oxygenated blood back toward the heart expect the pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood back to the heart

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4
Q

What is the process of blood in the cardiovascular system

A

Deoxygenated blood comes in through the superior vena cava, and the inferior vena cava starts in the right atrium pumped to the right ventricle then through the pulmonary trunk out through the pulmonary arteries into the lungs

Oxygenated blood is coming from the lungs getting pumped into the pulmonary veins into left atrium left ventricle aorta and then to the body

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5
Q

What are the different parts of the ascending aorta

A

L & R Coronary arteries

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6
Q

What are the different parts of the arch of the aorta

A

You have the Brachiocephalic trunk which gets divided into the R common carotid artery which goes to the head
R sublcavian artery which goes to the artm
R veterbral artery which comes off the subclavian artery posterior part of the brain

L common carotid artery (head)
L subclavian artery (L arm) L vertebral artery posterior part of the brain

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7
Q

What are the different aspects of the descending throacic aorta

A

Intercostal arteries it is the part that heads to the stomach

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8
Q

What is apart of the abdominal aorta from top to bottom

A

Celiac trunk
Superior mesenteric artery
L and R renal arteries
L and R gonadal arteries
Inferior mesenteric artery
L and R common iliac arteries

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9
Q

What is vasculogenesis

A

The de novo formation of new blood vesseles

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10
Q

What is angiogenesis

A

The formation of new blood vesseles from preexisting ones

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11
Q

What do hemangioblasts give rise too

A

Hematopietic stem cells (blood) and angioblasts (endothelilal cells)

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12
Q

Where do emanigoblasts first appeat in

and where do they appear later in

A

The yolk sac around days 15-16. In connecting stalk/chorion and embryo they appear a few days later

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13
Q

What are the 3 vascular networks

A

Embryonic, yolk sac (viteline), and umbilical/placental

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14
Q

What is the process of vasculogenesis

A

Hemangoblasts then turn into these blood island with blood cells in the middle and endothelial cells on the outside which then form a primitive vascular plexus and angiogenesis starts to have branching either as sprouting or intusscueption which is wholes in the vascular

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15
Q

What are the three interconnected arterial networks that form in an embryo

A

The embryonic circulation
The vitelline (yolk sac) arteries
The umbilical arteries

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16
Q

What is the emrbyonic circualtion

A

The aortic sac/ventral aorta (continous of truncus arterious) and dorsal ortat connect with each other via 6 aortic arches. Will form most arteries supplying the embryo

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17
Q

What is the aortic sac

A

Continuation of the trucus arteriosus. Will form ascending aorta and part of arch of aorta

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18
Q

What is the dorsal aortae

what is it orginating from

A

Paired endothelial tubes originating from primitive blood vessels
The paired tubes will fuse in the caudal region to form the thoracic and abdominal aorta

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19
Q

How does the dorsal aorta connect to the aortic sac (eventually the heart)

A

Via six paired arterial channels that surround the embryonic pharynx also known as the aortic arches

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20
Q

Where si the aortic sac in postion of

A

The distal most portion of the truncus arterious the right and left dorsal aorate are paired tubed in the cephaliac region but fused together caudally

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21
Q

When are the apperance of the 1st two aortic arches

A

3rd week

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22
Q

When does the 3rd aortic arch appear

A

Day 27

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23
Q

What happens when the fourth arch appears

A

1st arch has disappeard (except for remnant that will form and important artery in the face: maxillary artery)
2nd arch atoprphies

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24
Q

What happens when the 6th arch appears

A

2nd aortic arch disepars (remants are small branches the hyoid and stapedial arteries)
5th aortic arch either never forms, or forms wuickly then regress`

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25
In addition to the aortic arches what comes of the dorsal aortae
Intersegmental branches in the thorax and abodmen these will form the posterior intercostal and lumbar arteries Cervical region they anastomose to from the veterbrael arteries
26
What does the 6th aortic arch contribute to
Pulmonary arch and gives off a branch that connects to the developing lung buds to form the pulmnonary arteries
27
What does the 7th intersegmental arteries contribute too
Subclavian arteries
28
what happens to the dorsal aortae between the 3rd and 4th aortic arches
It starts to diseppear the connection to the doral aorta in the head region is mainted through the 3rd aortic arch
29
What does the 3rd aortic arch form
Common carotid artery
30
What does the crainal part of the dorsal aorta form
The internal carotid artery
31
What is the external carotid atery from
From the common carotid artery and remmants of the 1st aortic arch (maxillary artery)
32
What happens to the 6th aortic arch
The right one disepaeres and looses it attachemtn to the dorsal aorta on the left it remains which will form the ductus arteriosus
33
What is the ductus arteriosus
Vessel that forms between left sixth aortic arch (pulmonary trunk) and aorta that allows reamining blood on right side of the heart to shunt from pulmonary trunk to aorta during fetal life
34
What happens to the ductus arteriosus after birth
Breathing lowers pressure in lungs (and hence the pulmonary trunk) which sucks the vessel closed
35
What is the ligamentum arteriosum
The fibrous remnant of the ductus arteriosus
36
When is the patent ductus arteriosus common
If the pressure in the right side of the heart remains greater than the left side after brith
37
What happens to the right dorsal aorta
Atropheis below 4th aortic arch
38
What happens to the 7th intersegmental artery
Has moved to the level of the 4th aortic arch on both sides
39
What has happened to the aortic sac | What do the horns do
Has developed a right and left horn The right horn will form the brachiocephalic trunk the left horn will form the proximal part of the aortic arch
40
What happens to the 1st arch
Dissepars remmants form part of maxillary artereis
41
What happens to the 2nd arch
Disappears (remmants form hyoid and stapedial arteries)
42
What happens to 3rd arch
Forms common carotid artery, 1st part of internal carotid artery (rest from dorsal aorta) and most of external carotdi artery
43
What happens to the 4th arch
Left form main part of the arch of aorta Right forms proximal part of the right subclavian artery (distal part formed by right doral aorta and right 7th intersegmental artery)
44
What happens to the 5th arch
Either never form sor regresses rapdily
45
What is the 6th arch
Pulmonary arch right forms right pulmonary artery distal part of the arch looses conenction with dorsal aorta Left forms left pulmonary artery Distal part of arch persist in intratueterin life as ductus artierosus
46
What is the vitelline yolk sac arteries how does it devlop
the yolk sac develops in close association with gastrointestinal system Thus the viteline arteries will ultimately supply blood to the gaointenstial system
47
What is the umbilical arteries paired with
Paired arteries connecting embryo to the placental blood vessels in chronic villi
48
Where do the vitelline arteries develop and connect to
Develop in the yolk and ultimately connect to the dorsal aorta
49
what is the body system most intricately connected to yolk sac development
GI tract
50
What are the three major arteries that the vitelline arteries will ultimately develop into
Celiac trunk Superior mesenteric artery Inferior mesenteric artery
51
What do paired umbilical arteries carry
Blood away from embryo to placenta
52
Where does the umbical arteries develop and where do they conenct
Develop outside the embryo in connecting stalk (will form umbilical cord) and connect to dorsal aorta near where the interal iliac arteries and urinary bladder form
53
What happens to ublical arteries after birth
Obliterated
54
What are the two remnants of the umbilical arteries in adult
Superior vesical artery (supplies upper part of urinary baldder ) Medial umbilical folds (ligaments, run along inside of anterior abdominal walls) from superior surface to bladder to umbilicus
55
In the 5th week what are the 3 symmetrical pairs of venous networks
vitelline veins (drain yolk sac) Umbilical veins (drain placenta) Cardinal veins (drain the embryo)
56
What do all veins drain into
The sinus venosus which connects to the right atrium
57
What are the different cardinal veins and what do they drain
Anterior cardinal veins drain the head Posterior cardinal veins drain the caudal region They join up before the sinus venosus into common cardinal veins
58
What do the cardinal veins eventually form
The superior and inferior vena cavae and most of their tribuataries
59
What do the vitelline veins do
Drain blood from the yolk sac to sinus venosus
60
What do the viteline veins eventually form
Major venous drainage of the GI tract and liver: the portal system and hepatic sinusoids
61
How do vitelline veins start to form
A plexus around the primitive gut and just before they enter the sinus venosus they get engulfed by the developing liver which will form the hepatic sinusoids
62
What happens when the sinus venous shifts to the right atrium
Blood through the left vitelline vein dishminishes the right vetiline vein enlarges and becomes the ductus venouses which allows the blood to bypass the liver suosoids
63
What do the vitelline veins (mostly right) form
A heaptic portal system which conencts the GI sysmte to live it also form the heaptic veins and upper part of the ivc
64
Where do the umbilica cord form and what do they connect to and what do they do
Form in umbilical cord then connect to placenta and sinus venous bring oxygenated nutrient rich blood from placenta to sinus venosus
65
What happens at first with the umbilical veins
Pass on each side of the liver then get surrounded by it
66
What happens has blood flow increases from palcenta
Left umbilical vein has a more direct path thorugh the liver because of the ductus venous it enlarges and right umbilican vein disappearts
67
What is the 3 vessels of the umbilical cord
a left and righ umbilical artery a large left umbilical vein and surrounded by a gelatinous conenctive tissues called whartons jelly coverd by an outer lining amnion
68
What happens to the umbilical vein and the ductus venosus
They both close shortly after birth remnants are the round ligament of the liver (from ubilicus) and the ligament venosums from the ductus venous
69
what is the key difference between adult circulation and fetal circulaiton
Lungs are offline and nutrients and oxygen are provided by the mother via the palcenta therefore there is a need to bypass the pulmonary circulation also no need for nutrients to pass through the liver since it is being metabolize by the maternal liver
70
Where does the oxygenated blood go
Returens from placenta to fetus through the umbilical vein. Travels toward liver but most bypasses via Ductus venosus into ivc in ivc mixes with deoscygnated blood returning to heart
71
Where does the blood from the ivc enter
The right atrium of the heart and most is directed through the formane ovale into left atrium
72
What happens when the blood is in the left atrium
Mizes with small amount of blood from pulmonary circulation and is pumped through left ventrice into arota and rest of body deoxygatned blood leaved fetus by umbilical arteries back to placenta
73
Does all blood entering the right atrium make it through the formane ovale into the left atrium
No some makes it into right ventricle and enters pulmonary circulation
74
What does the ductus arteriosus provide
Another exit for blood to leave the pulmonary circulation and enter the aorta
75
What is the circulation after birth and what are the four closures
After birth lungs fill with air pressure in right atirum decrease pressure in left atriu is higher Closure of the formane ovale. Formed fossa ovalis. More blood enters right ventricle Closure of the umbilical arteries (keep blood in embryo) Forms medial umbilical ligaments Closure of umbilical vein and ductus venous (after closure of umbilical arteries) forms ligamentum teres heaptis and ligamentum venosum Closure of ductus arteriosus. Forms ligamentum arteisoum
Embryology
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