Vitamins

Question 1

Give the consequences of deficiency of Thiamine (B1)

Answer 1

Berberi (weight loss, heart problems, neurological dysfunctions)

Question 2

Give the consequences of deficiency of Riboflavin (B2)

Answer 2

Cheliosis and angular stomatitis (lesions of the mouth), dermatitis

Question 3

Give the consequences of deficiency of Pyridoxine (B6)

Answer 3

Depression, confusion, convulsions

Question 4

Give the consequences of deficiency of Nicotinic acid (Niacin - B3)

Answer 4

Pellagra (dermatitis, depression, depression, diarrhea)

Question 5

Give the consequences of deficiency of Pantothenic acid (B5)

Answer 5

Hypertension

Question 6

Give the consequences of deficiency of Biotin (B7)

Answer 6

Rash about the eyebrows, muscle pain, fatigue (rare), hair loss, thin-brittle fingernails.

Question 7

Give the consequences of Folic acid (B9)

Answer 7

Anemia, neural-tube defects in development

Question 8

Give the consequences of deficiency of vitamin B12

Answer 8

Anemia, pernicious anemia, methylmalonic acidosis.

Question 9

Give the equation for Pyruvate being converted to Oxaloacetate.

Answer 9

Pyruvate + CO2 + ATP + H2O —> Oxaloacetate + ADP + Pi + 2H+

(Enzyme involved is pyruvate carboxylase)

Question 10

Pyruvate Carboxylase is a homotetramer, what is a homotetramer?

Answer 10

A homotetramer is a protein complex made up of four identical subunits which are associated but not covalently bound.

Question 11

Give the subunits of the Pyruvate Carboxylase tetramer.

Answer 11

BC - Biotin Carboxylase
BCCP - Biotin Carboxy Carrier Protein
PT - Pyruvate Carboxylase Tetramerisation
CT - Carboxytransferase

Question 12

Give the typical reaction type for Thiamine (B1)?

Answer 12

Aldehyde transfer

Question 13

Give the typical reaction type for Riboflavin (B2)?

Answer 13

Oxidation-reduction

Question 14

Give the typical reaction type for Pyrodoxine?

Answer 14

Group transfer to or from amino acids

Question 15

Give the typical reaction type for Nicotinic acid (niacin, B3)

Answer 15

Oxidation-reduction

Question 16

Give the typical reaction type for Pantothenic acid (B5)

Answer 16

Acyl-group transfer

Question 17

Give the typical reaction type for Biotin (B7)

Answer 17

ATP-dependent carboxylation and carboxyl-group transfer.

Question 18

Give the typical reaction type for Folic acid (B9)

Answer 18

Transfer of one-carbon components; thymine synthesis

Question 19

Give the typical reaction type for B12.

Answer 19

Transfer of methyl groups; intramolecular rearrangements

Question 20

Describe Pyruvate carboxylase and its important role.

Answer 20

Pyruvate carboxylase (PC) is a biotin-containing enzyme that catalyses the HCO3−- and MgATP-dependent carboxylation of pyruvate to form oxaloacetate. This is a very important anaplerotic reaction, replenishing oxaloacetate withdrawn from the Krebs cycle for various pivotal biochemical pathways.

Question 21

Give the first step of the pyruvate carboxylase reaction

Answer 21

Question 22

Give the second step of the pyruvate carboxylase reaction

Answer 22

Question 23

Give the third step of the pyruvate carboxylase reaction

Answer 23

Question 24

Give the fourth step of the pyruvate carboxylase reaction

Answer 24

Question 25

Give the fifth step of the pyruvate carboxylase reaction

Answer 25

Question 26

Give the sixth step of the pyruvate carboxylase reaction

Answer 26