Vitiligo

Question 1

What is the definition of vitiligo?

Answer 1

Vitiligo is a cutaneous disorder that causes complete loss of melanin in affected areas.

Question 2

What is the underlying cause of vitiligo?

Answer 2

It is considered an autoimmune disorder that leads to complete destruction of melanocytes in the affected skin.

Question 3

What is the main clinical feature of vitiligo?

Answer 3

Depigmented (white) patches on the skin, which are often symmetrical.

Question 4

Can vitiligo present in other patterns besides symmetrical patches?

Answer 4

Yes, vitiligo can have focal or segmental distribution patterns.

Question 5

What happens to the hair in affected areas of vitiligo?

Answer 5

There may be loss of hair colour, known as poliosis.

Question 6

Is the course of vitiligo predictable?

Answer 6

No, its natural history and extent are variable among patients.

Question 7

Can spontaneous repigmentation occur in vitiligo?

Answer 7

Yes, spontaneous repigmentation may occur in some cases.

Question 8

Which type of vitiligo tends not to repigment?

Answer 8

Acrofacial vitiligo, which affects the lips, hands, and feet, tends not to repigment.

Question 9

What is the first-line topical treatment for vitiligo?

Answer 9

Potent topical steroids applied for 3–4 months, then gradually weaned.

Question 10

How can natural UV exposure help in vitiligo?

Answer 10

Controlled natural UV exposure for 10–15 minutes in the early morning or late afternoon may promote repigmentation.

Question 11

What non-medical management can help patients cope with vitiligo?

Answer 11

Using camouflage or makeup to cover affected areas can improve cosmetic appearance and confidence.

Question 12

When should a patient with vitiligo be referred to a dermatologist?

Answer 12

If the disease is extensive or not responding to initial treatment, for consideration of phototherapy or other specialized treatments.