Volume Control

Question 1

What are the four systems that regulate BP?

Answer 1

1. SNS
2. RAAS
3. ADH
4. BNP

Question 2

The macula densa senses ______ levels in the tubular lumen and if low, will secrete ______ so that the JG apparatus secretes renin.

Answer 2

macula densa senses NaCl levels, makes PGE2 if low

Question 3

Hyperaldosteronism should be considered in a young, previously healthy patient who presents with hypertension. Name two causes for primary hyperaldosteronism and their respective treatments.

Answer 3

Adrenal adenoma - surgery

Adrenal hyperplasia - aldosterone receptor antagonists like spironolactone

Question 4

What is the main stimulus for ADH secretion?

Answer 4

Plasma osmolarity! Volume is a minor contributor to its secretion.

Question 5

What are the four major causes of SIADH?

Answer 5

1. Drugs - SSRIs, NSAIDs, phenothiazines, thiazide diuretics
2. Lung cancer
3. Pneumonia/infection
4. CNS disorders (stroke, brain cancer)