What is a wave?
A disturbance that transfers energy. They do not transfer matter. The particles stay in its own place and just move back and fourth.
How waves offer renewable energy;
1- How are ocean waves created?
2- how does the energy move?
3- what do wave energy converters do?
1- by wind transferring energy to water
2- across a vast distance without transporting water itself just energy
3- capture waves motion and turn it into electricity without using up the water
Amplitude
Maximum displacement of surrounding particles
Wavelength
Length of a single full wave (peak to peak or trough to trough)
Frequency
Count of how many waves are there in one second
1 hz - 1 wave per second
Higher frequency = more peaks to peak
Longitudinal waves
1- how does the vibrations move?
2- what is it called when in a wave the particles are active or at high pressure?
3- what is it called when particles are not being affected by the wave?
4- examples of longitudinal waves?
1- parallel to direction of the wave
Particles affected are knocked in same direction the wave is travelling
2- compression
3- refraction
4- sound and ultra sounds
Transverse Waves
1- How do the vibrations move?
2– Example of a transverse wave?
1- right angle to direction of wave
Particles affected are knocked out the way of travelling wave
2- Electromagnetic waves Gamma, microwaves, radio waves, Ultra violet and infrared
They’re only produced when magnetic field and electricity field are present
Transverse waves
1- how does the the vibrations move?
2- what is an example?
3- examples of a transverse wave?
1- right angle to direction of wave Particles
Particles affected are knocked out the way of travelling wave. They will enter air water space
2- electromagnetic waves
They are only produced when magnetic field and electricity field are present
3- gamma, microwaves, radio waves, ultra violet and infrared
Radio waves
1- what are the uses of this?
2- what are radio waves?
1- used in communication
2- transmitted easily through air, do not cause damage if absorbed by the human body
Can be reflected to change their direction
1- radio waves, microwaves, infrared
2- ultra violet, x-rays, gamma rays
1- long wavelength, low frequency, low energy
2- short wavelength, high frequency, high energy
What is electro-magnetism?
What does it include?
The force that involves electric charges and magnetic fields, explaining how electricity and magnetism are connected and can create each other
Includes light and all electromagnetic waves
1- what are electro-magnetic waves?
2- how are they categorised?
1- disturbances in electric and magnetic fields that travel as transverse waves
2- by wavelength and frequency
- radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultra violet, x-rays, gamma rays
Use of waves
1- what is infrared used for?
2- what are x-rays used for?
3- what are the uses of waves?
1- food processing, to heat food quickly and preserve it
2- imaging bones and detecting fractures, dislocations and certain infections. They travel through only dense tissues like bone absorbs them which shows up on x-rays.
3- medicine
- ultra violet, x-rays, gamma rays
Ct scan
1- what is this?
2- what does it do?
1- combines multiple x-ray images to create more detailed cross sectional view of the body. Involves more radiation than x-ray
2- helps diagnose causes of pain, informal bleeding, infections and Tumors
May require an injection of special dyes called intravenous contrast
MRI scans
1- what does it do?
2- what is it used for?
3- what happens if there’s no radiation exposure?
1-uses strong magnetic Felds and radio waves to generate detailed images of organs and tissues
2- diagnosing Tumors, injuries, bleeding and infections.
3- requires an injection called intravenous contrast
MRI scans can be loud and uncomfortable for patients
Introduction to anatomical planes
Sagittal plane
Coronal plane
Transverse plane
Pet scans
1- what are pet scans?
2- what do they do?
3- what does it require?
1- use radioactive tracers to show biochemical functions in body
2- help detect cancer, heart problems and brain disorders
3- injection of radioactive material
Microwaves (in medicine)
1- what are they used for?
2- what does it cause?
1- used to heat and destroy Tumors in cancer treatment. Targets cancer cells without harming surroundings healthy tissue
2- fewer side effects than traditional radiation therapy
Transcranial magnetic stimulation
1- what does it do?
2- what do people use it to treat?
1- uses magnetic waves to stimulate certain areas of the brain
2- treat depression, sleep disorders, motor disorder and other neurological conditions
Uv (ultra violet) radiation (in medicine)
1- what does it do and treat?
2- what does it cause?
3- what does it require?
1- kill germs and cures skin conditions in phototherapy. Treats jaundice, eczema and psoriasis
2- can cause skin burns if not calibrated properly
3- eye protection
Gamma waves
1- what are they used in?
2- how are they produced?
3- what can it damage?
1- cancer treatment
2- by disputing atom nuclei (protons and neutrons)
3- cells - specifically cells dna
Gamma rays
1- wavelength?
2- frequency?
3- energy?
1- short wavelength
2-high frequency
3- high energy
Ultra sound ( used in scanning)
1- what is a ultra sounds?
2- what is it absorbed by?
3- what does it do?
1- higher frequency sound wave that we cannot hear
2- some materials and not by others
3- “bounces off” tissues and so produces an image of the outline of tissues
Equation
Wave length = speed /frequency
