Week 10

Question 1

What were the symbols of Caesar’s assassins and conspirators?

Answer 1

• Pugio dagger
• Red felt Phrygian cap (the symbol of liberty)

Question 2

What was the result of the senate meeting convened after Caesar’s assassination?

Answer 2

• Cesareans could keep the titles and honours Caesar gave them
• Caesar given a public funeral
• BUT, amnesty is given to the assassins

Question 3

Who riled up the mob against the assassins after amnesty was given?

Answer 3

Marc Antony

Question 4

Who succeeds Caesar in his will?

Answer 4

• Octavian (his posthumously adopted great nephew)

Question 5

Where was Octavian when Caesar was assassinated?

Answer 5

Studying in Greece

Question 6

What rivalry developed after Caesar’s assassination?

Answer 6

Octavian VS. Marc Antony

Question 7

Instead of fighting each other, Marc Antony and Octavian joined together to fight their common enemies: ____________ and _____________.

Answer 7

Brutus and Catius (The assassins)

Question 8

As the two armies met at Mutina, where they famously refused to fight, what was created?

Answer 8

The Second Triumvirate

Question 9

Who formed the Second Triumvirate?

Answer 9

• Octavian
• Marc Antony
• Lepidus

Question 10

What is the main goal of the Second Triumvirate?

Answer 10

Clean things up, and bring the assassins back to Rome

Question 11

What power did the Senate give to the Second Triumvirate?

Answer 11

Senate allowed them each to have the powers of a dictator for 5 years

Question 12

What was the main difference between the First and Second Triumvirate?

Answer 12

• First Triumvirate was a SECRET agreement
• Second Triumvirate was an OFFICIAL PUBLICLY ACCEPTED agreement

Question 13

Who was the most famous figure killed by the proscription lists of the Second Triumvirate?

Answer 13

Cicero

Question 14

How did the Second Triumvirate get money?

Answer 14

• Through confiscation of wealthy proscription victims’ land and wealth

AND

→ Passed a law that the 1400 richest women had to get their property evaluated and give money to the war effort of the Triumvirate
→ Many wealthy women showed up to the forum, vowing against the payments, since they could not get positions or any benefit from the wars
→ This protest resulted in the Triumvirs only evaluated the 300 richest women

Question 15

List the geographical power balance of the Second Triumvirate:

Answer 15

Lepidus→ West
Octavian→ Africa
Antony → Gaul

Question 16

At which battle does Octavian manage to catch and defeat Brutus and Catius, killing them both?

Answer 16

Phillipii, 42 BC

Question 17

How does Brutus and Catius die?

Answer 17

Suicide after losing at Phillipii

Question 18

_________ decided that if Marc Antony wouldn’t , HE would take it upon himself to fight Octavian and make Mark Antony dictator.

Answer 18

Lucius Antonius

Question 19

How many legions did Lucius Antonius raise to fight Octavian?

Answer 19

8

Question 20

Where did Octavian defeat Lucius Antonius?

Answer 20

Perusia

Question 21

When was the Second Triumvirate renewed?

Answer 21

37 BC

Question 22

To keep stability, __________ married Octavian’s sister, Octavia.

Answer 22

Marc Antony

Question 23

Where did Antony go when Octavian was busy dealing with Sextus in the west?

Answer 23

Egypt (where he met Cleopatra)

Question 24

Why was Octavian insulted upon hearing of Marc Antony’s affair with Cleopatra?

Answer 24

• Because Antony had just married Octavian’s daughter, Octavia, thus breaching trust and alliance by marriage

Question 25

____________ met Antony on a golden ship.

Answer 25

Cleopatra

Question 26

At which naval battle did Octavian defeat Marc Antony and Cleopatra?

Answer 26

Actium, 31 BC

Question 27

Who committed suicide first; Cleopatra, or Antony?

Answer 27

Antony

Question 28

Who killed Caesarian (Caesar's supposed child with Cleopatra)?

Answer 28

Marc Antony

Question 29

How many kids did Marc Antony and Cleopatra have?

Answer 29

3

Question 30

True or False: Marc Antony and Cleopatra's children were killed by Octavian.

Answer 30

FALSE Octavian spared them, for they were too young.

Question 31

What was seen as the easiest, bloodless conquest of the Romans?

Answer 31

Egypt

Question 32

What was Octavian's first conquest?

Answer 32

Egypt

Question 33

What did Octavian do with all the wealth he received from conquering Egypt?

Answer 33

Rebuilt Rome "City of brick to city of marble"

Question 34

True or False: Senators were not allowed to step foot in Egypt.

Answer 34

TRUE

Question 35

The title "Augustus" means:

Answer 35

The Revered One

Question 36

When was Octavian given the title Augustus?

Answer 36

By the Senate in 27 BC

Question 37

How long was Augustus' rule?

Answer 37

40 years

Question 38

Instead of calling himself king, Augustus proclaimed himself:

Answer 38

Princeps

Question 39

Who said that they were simply the "First among Equals"?

Answer 39

Augustus

Question 40

True or False: Augustus was "given" the power of the Tribune of the Plebs by the Senate.

Answer 40

TRUE

Question 41

What year is seen as the beginning of the Roman Empire?

Answer 41

27 BC

Question 42

What were the 10 means of success in Rome?

Answer 42

1. Noble Birth (ex. Claiming divine descent) 2. Kinship Alliances (Marriage)(Ex. Mark Antony and Cleopatra) 3. Personal Obligations (patrons/clients)(Ex. Gracchi Brothers)(Antony flaring up the populace at Caesar’s funeral) 4. Control of Funds (extortion in provinces) 5. Control of consulship or tribunate 6. Control of client armies (ex. Caesar’s army, NOT the Roman army) 7. Bribing and largess (ex. Caesar with gladiator games) 8. Championing of popular causes 9. Eloquence 10. Use of violence (murder and proscription lists) (ex. Sulla, Second Triumvirate, etc)

Question 43

What are some political trends of the late Republic? (6)

Answer 43

1. Growth of oligarchy, and eventually monarchy 2. Importance of a few individuals/families and political connections and rivalries 3. Rifts between nobiles/optimates AND novi homines/populares and later Caesarians vs. Republicans 4. Problems in the provinces (unscrupulous governors, magistrates, and publicans) 5. Interference in the affairs of the free allies 6. Individual use of propaganda and money (ex. Spent on shows, welfare, buildings, etc.) to influence the populace

Question 44

What are some military trends of the Late Republic? (4)

Answer 44

1. Aggression and Imperialism (ex. Expansion into Gaul and into the East) 2. Change to professional soldiers and the growth of client armies and military tyrants 3. Looting of enemies and abuse of allies 4. Violence, civil strife, assassination as part of domestic policy

Question 45

What are some economic trends of the Late Republic? (4)

Answer 45

1. Rapid accumulation of wealth causes class rifts and changed societal values 2. Growth of slavery and it’s associated problems 3. Growth of local businesses among senators, as well as overseas businesses among equestrians (such as publicans) 4. Problems with overcrowding in Rome, loss of small farms in the country, and issues with food supply

Question 46

What are 3 social trends of the Late Republic?

Answer 46

1. Erosion of old-fashioned conservative values 2. Growing independence of women (economic, social, sexual, intellectual and political) 3. Growth of Greek influence in literature, philosophy, and education as well as in art and architecture

Question 47

What female orator famously argued against the Triumvirate's imposition of tax on the 1400 wealthy women?

Answer 47

Hortensia

Question 48

When was the Second Triumvirate first established?

Answer 48

November 26th 43 BC

Question 49

When did the Second Triumvirate finally expire?

Answer 49

32 BC