1
Q
According to Plutarch, where did Sulla and Marius’ rivalry begin?
A
- When Jugurtha was handed to Sulla, and not Marius
2
Q
Who was appointed consul to deal with Mithridates IV of Pontus in the east?
A
Sulla
3
Q
What did Sulla do upon rising to consul?
A
- Seized Rome with his army
- Forced laws
- Made a proscription list
4
Q
What forced Marius to flee Rome?
A
Sulla’s proscription list
5
Q
Who opposed Sulla’s appointment to consul to deal with Mithridates IV?
A
Marius
6
Q
Where does Marius ultimately flee?
A
North Africa
7
Q
When did Sulla make himself dictator?
A
- When he returned to Rome in 83 BC after fighting Mithridates IV
8
Q
Who was the first ever optimates in a position of power?
A
Sulla
9
Q
What political reforms does Sulla enforce as dictator?
A
- Increased the size of the Senate so he could put his friends in positions of power
- Reduced the power of the Tribune of the Plebs (Tribune of the Plebs is disallowed from running for higher offices)
10
Q
Define: Largesse
A
- The granting of short term gifts to people to appease them
11
Q
How did Crassus make so much money through firefighting?
A
- He hired his own private firefighting force
- He would have his agents go up to people’s houses when it was burning, to purchase the burning house at lowball offers, only to subsequently repair and resell it
12
Q
Who attempted to prevent Sulla from having a public funeral?
A
Lepidus
13
Q
Who died in 77 BC because he found a letter claiming his wife had an affair, so he died of shock?
A
Lepidus
14
Q
According to Plutarch, where did Crassus’ and Pompey’s rivalry begin?
A
Fighting under Sulla during the Social War
15
Q
Who did Sulla prefer between Crassus and Pompey?
A
Pompey
16
Q
Who was given the title Magnus?
A
Pompey
17
Q
How did Pompey receive the title, Magnus?
A
- For ruthlessly destroying Sulla’s opponents in Sicily and North Africa during Sulla’s second civil war
18
Q
What social class did Pompey originally belong to?
A
Equestrian
19
Q
How did Pompey climb the social ladder in Rome?
A
- Through marriage
- He went from one wife to another, picking up their inheritances and dowries
20
Q
How did Spartacus grow his army?
A
- He not only escaped from the Gladiatorial school with supporters, but went from estate to estate, gathering slaves and poor disgruntled Romans to join his army
21
Q
How many times did Spartacus defeat the Romans in battle?
A
3 times
22
Q
Who was sent to deal with Spartacus?
A
Crassus
- Crassus defeated Spartacus in the battle of Lucania, 71 BC
- BUT Pompey took the credit
23
Q
What happened to the rebels after Spartacus’ defeat?
A
Surviving rebels got crucified along the 200km stretch from Capua to Rome (every 35m was a crucified slave)
24
Q
At what initial battle did Spartacus defeat a Roman army?
A
Battle of Mount Vesuvius, 73 BC
25
True or False: Spartacus didn’t actually want to end slavery
TRUE
- He forced captured Roman soldiers to fight as gladiators for him
26
Define: Mithridatism
- The purposeful ingestion of poison to build immunity
27
Who was sent to finish off Mithridates IV after Sulla's death?
Pompey
28
How did Mithridates die?
- He killed himself with a sword
29
At which battle did Pompey defeat Mithridates IV?
Battle of the Lycus, 66 BC
30
Who took credit for putting down Piracy in the Mediterranean?
Pompey
31
In how many days is Pompey said to have wiped out the pirates?
40 days
32
Pompey expanded Roman territory into _________ and __________.
Northern Turkey and Syria (though only a bit)
33
As his consulship, Crassus gained governorship of __________
Syria
- This is how Crassus got dragged into war against Parthia
34
Why did Crassus have to fight the Parthians?
- The Parthians invaded the Armenians, allies of Rome
35
At what battle was Crassus defeated against the Parthians?
Carrhae, 53 BC
36
What Parthian King was given Crassus' severed head as a prize?
Orodes II
37
Why is Crassus' defeat against the Parthians important?
It killed further Roman dreams of expanding east
38
Who didn’t believe in owing loyalty to any one person forever?
Cicero
39
Where politically did Cicero often stand?
He drifted in the middle of Optimates and Populares
40
True or False: Cicero would have preferred to simply be at home and write philosophy, but his great skill at public speaking made him very present in the political stage
TRUE
41
True or False: We know more about Cicero than anyone else in ancient times - He is the best recorded figure of the ancient world
TRUE
42
What family clan did Cicero belong to?
Tulli
43
What does the name Cicero mean?
Chickpea (one of his ancestors likely had a wart or facial feature that looked like a chicpea)
44
Who did Cicero fight for during the civil wars?
Sulla
45
True or False: Despite being a supporter of his, Cicero never wanted to be involved militarily for Pompey
TRUE
46
Who did Cicero's first case make him enemies against?
Sulla
47
Where did Cicero gain legal knowledge and experience?
- After his first case against Sulla, he fled to Greece to avoid Sulla's reprisals
48
List all of Cicero's bigger enemies and how he fared against them.
1. Sulla: Cicero managed to flee to avoid Sulla's wrath
2. Verres: Cicero won, making Verres flee to exile, and giving Cicero a spot as praetor
3. Catiline: Cicero uncovered the conspiracy and saved government
4. Caesar: Cicero managed to avoid direct conflict with Caesar
5. Clodius: Cicero is driven to exile
6. Marc Antony: Cicero is killed by orders of Marc Antony
49
Define: Preator
Judge
50
When did Cicero win his first preatorship?
- After his legal victory against Verres
51
What is the most documented and well known event of the ancient world?
The Catlinine Conspiracy
52
What was the Cataline Conspiracy?
- 63 BC
- A plot for a coup d'état in which Cataline would overthrow Cicero and Hybrida, in order to assume power over the Senate
53
Who uncovered the Catalinarian Conspiracy through a spy?
Cicero
54
Why did Cicero gain many enemies after the Catalinarian Conspiracy?
- Because he had all the conspirators killed without a trial
55
Who finally manages to kill Cataline in battle?
Hybrida
56
What was Caesar's opinion on what should be done with the Catalinarian conspirators?
- Caesar proposed that the conspirators should be exiled and property confiscated, not killed
- Caesar attacks Cicero, calling him a Tyrant, for making direct execution without trial of the conspirators
57
Name the figure:
- He was in love with Caesar's wife, Pompeia. So, he sneaked into Caesar's house at night during the Bonne Dea festival. He, however, got lost in Caesar's large estate, and was caught.
Clodius
58
What did Caesar do upon discovering Clodius' breaking into his home?
- Caesar divorced his wife, Pompeia
59
Why did Cicero get invloved against Clodius?
- Because Cicero's wife, Tarentia, believed that Clodius' sister, Clodia, had an affair with Cicero
- Tarentia, thus said that Cicero should prosecute Clodius to prove that he didn't
60
What permitted the patrician born Clodius to become the powerful Tribune of the Plebs?
- He was adopted by a plebeian family
61
What happened to Clodius after his trial?
- Clodius fled to Greece, but was later captured, and brought back to Rome
- He was then murdered by Milo
- Surprisingly, Cicero even made a case against Milo
62
Cicero felt he had to postpone his retirement when he saw the political rise of ____________
Marc Antony
63
Why did Cicero speak out against Marc Antony?
- Because Antony was gaining too much sole power
64
What did Cicero do when caught by Antony's assassins?
- Cicero simply allowed them to cut his throat
65
What did Antony order to be done to Cicero's body?
- Antony ordered the head and hands to be severed
- The hands, that wrote the Phillipics, were displayed publicly as a warning to those who spoke out against Antony
Roman Republic
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Decks in class (14)
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