What are the 12 Principles of Animation
Squash and Stretch
Anticipation
Staging
Follow Through and Overlapping Action
Slow In and Slow Out
Arcs
Secondary Action
Timing
Exaggeration
Solid Drawing
Appeal
Straight Ahead vs. Pose-to-Pose
What are the Primary Principles (Core Movement)
Squash and Stretch
Anticipation
Staging
Follow Through and Overlapping Action
Gives weight and flexibility - maintains volume while showing deformation
Squash and Stretch
Prepares audience for action - wind-up before main movement.
Anticipation
Clear presentation of ideas - composition and camera angles for maximum impact
Staging
Different parts move at different rates after main action stops
Follow Through and Overlapping Action
What are the Timing and Movement Principles
Slow In and Slow Out
Arcs
Secondary Action
Timing
Natural acceleration and deceleration (easing)
Slow In and Slow Out
Most natural movement follows curved paths, not straight lines
Arcs
Supporting actions that enhance main action without competing
Secondary Action
Spacing of frames determines speed, weight, and personality of movement
Timing
What are the Character and Appeal Principles
Exaggeration
Solid Drawing
Appeal
Straight Ahead vs. Pose-to-Pose
Cinema standard - smooth motion with slight motion blur
24fps
Television/video standard - crisp, fluid motion
30fps
Limited animation - more stylized, economic approach
12fps
Gaming/high-frame rate - ultra-smooth motion
60fps
New drawing every frame (24 drawings per second)
On Ones
New drawing every other frame (12 drawings per second)
On Twos
Main poses that define the extremes of motion
Keyframes
Key poses that define the path between extremes
Breakdown Frames
Frames that smooth the motion between key poses
In-betweens
Static frames that create pauses or emphasis
Holds
When things happen (rhythm, pacing, beats)
Timing
How far objects move between frames (speed control)
Spacing
