Respondent behavior
Behavior that is elicited by antecedent stimuli
Behavior that is elicited by antecedent stimuli
Respondent behavior
Operant Behavior
- Consequences
- Future frequency determined by the history of consequences
- Selected
- Shaped
- Maintained by consequences
- Consequences
- Future frequency determined by the history of consequences
- Selected
- Shaped
- Maintained by consequences
Operant Behavior
“Functional Consequence”
Stimulus change that follows a given behavior in a relatively immediate temporal sequence and alters the frequency of that type of behavior in the future
Stimulus change that follows a given behavior in a relatively immediate temporal sequence and alters the frequency of that type of behavior in the future
“Functional Consequence”
Negative Reinforcement
- The termination of a stimulus post response, means future rates of the response will increase
- Escape and avoidance contingencies
- The termination of a stimulus post response, means future rates of the response will increase
- Escape and avoidance contingencies
Negative Reinforcement
Discriminated avoidance
Responding in the presence of a signal prevents the onset of a stimulus from which escape is a reinforcer
e.g. go to gym every day, tuesday see a person you don’t lille, don’t go on tuesday
Responding in the presence of a signal prevents the onset of a stimulus from which escape is a reinforcer
e.g. go to gym every day, tuesday see a person you don’t lille, don’t go on tuesday
Discriminated avoidance
Free-operant avoidance
Responding in the absence of a signal prevents the onset of a stimulus from which escape is a reinforcer
Responding in the absence of a signal prevents the onset of a stimulus from which escape is a reinforcer
Free-operant avoidance
Four term contingency
MO-A-B-C
Unconditioned negative reinforcers
- Stimuli whose removal strengthens behavior in the absence of prior learning
- e.g. noxious events, shock, loud noise, intense light, etc.
- Stimuli whose removal strengthens behavior in the absence of prior learning
- e.g. noxious events, shock, loud noise, intense light, etc.
Unconditioned negative reinforcers
Conditioned negative reinforcers
- Previously neutral events that acquire their effects through parking with an existing (unconditioned or conditioned) negative reinforcer
- e.g. parents nagging
- Previously neutral events that acquire their effects through parking with an existing (unconditioned or conditioned) negative reinforcer
- e.g. parents nagging
Conditioned negative reinforcers
Source of Negative Reinforcement
A way to classify negative reinforcers is based on how they are removed
- Social negative reinforcement
- Automatic negative reinforcement
Determinants of Negative Reinforcement effects
- Stimulus change immediately follows the occurrence of the target response
- The magnitude of reinforcement is large
- Occurrence of the target response consistently produces escape from or postponement of the EO
- Reinforcement is unavailable for competing (nontarget) responses
Behavioral Replacement Strategies
DRO DRH DRL DRA DRI DRC
