what is phonological awareness?
understanding the structure of words and manipulating the component sounds of words.
put the following levels of phonological awareness in order from simplest to most complex
1. hears oral rhymes and alliteration.
2. hears syllables in spoken words
3. hears words in spoken sentences
4. hears indiviudal phonemes in words
5. hears onsets and rimes in words
A tapping task and counting task are used for?
find out syllable awareness before reading instruction.
these tasks are used for?
test onset of rime awareness
define phoneme awareness
being able to divide spoken words into the smallest sound elements
define a phoneme
what is orthographic transparency?
mapping letter-sound
studies show which two interventions will increase phonological awareness?
- grouping by rhyme, onset vowel, phonemes
- plastic letters sound awareness
combined work best.
NO, you need more groups to prevent bias. attention or any training alone could be a reason for growth. EG
what is the core problem in dyslexia?
phonological awareness?
can you name three types of tasks for researching dyslexia?
- Phonological Awareness Task
Design: Children hear three spoken words and are asked to identify which two start with the same sound (e.g., bat, ball, sun → bat & ball).
Goal: Tests ability to recognize and manipulate phonemes — a core deficit in dyslexia.
- Phonological Short-Term Memory Task
Design: Participants repeat increasingly long sequences of nonwords (e.g., blonter, stimuck, grallip).
Goal: Assesses capacity to temporarily store unfamiliar phonological information — often impaired in dyslexic readers.
- Rapid Automatized Naming (RAN) Task
Design: Participants are timed while naming a grid of repeated, familiar items (e.g., colors or digits) as quickly and accurately as possible.
Goal: Measures speed of accessing and articulating verbal labels — slow performance is a predictor of reading difficulties.
why would an experimenter compare younger control children with older dyslectic children?
to match the deficit in reading experience kids with dyslexia have.
name two cross-cultural differences in dyslexia?
what is the difference between opaque and transparent languages?
transparent= letter/combinatie hebben meestal zelfde klank
opaque=letter/combinaties hebben verschillende klanken.
what neurlogical differences in dyslectic children do studies show?
readers with dyslexia use less brain areas for reading
which are the three suggested numerical systems in the brain? and what are their functions?
this an example of
weber’s law=our ability to make physical discriminations is ratio sensitive. You won’t notice a small change in a large stimulus unless the change is proportional to that stimulus.
Example:
* Lifting a 1 kg weight: You might notice a 0.1 kg difference.
* Lifting a 10 kg weight: You’d need about a 1 kg change to notice the difference.
counting consists of which two core principles?
Example:
* Set A = {apple, banana, cherry}
* Set B = {dog, cat, mouse}
Both sets have 3 elements.
✅ So, Set A ≈ Set B in cardinality → they are qualitatively equivalent in terms of number.
what where the results in the following study?
the hypothesis could not be rejected.
at what age do we see a milestone shift counting abilities in young children? How is this shown in an experimental design?
children where asked to give a big bird two dinisaurs to play with.
describe three experiments that can be used to study syllable awareness
what is meant by onset and rime?
Name four experiments that test onset and rime awareness
what develops earlier phoneme awareness or reading instruction?
phoneme awareness
