Week 5

Question 1

List 5 types of chemical mediators

Answer 1

1. Histamines
2. Prostaglandins
3. Cytokines
4. Serotonin
5. Nitric Oxide

Question 2

Name the 3 places Histamines are stored

Answer 2

1. Mast Cells
2. Basophils
3. Platelets

Question 3

List 3 things Histamine triggers

Answer 3

1. Allergens
2. Trauma
3. Temperature

Question 4

Which 3 cells utilise Prostaglandins?

Answer 4

1. Macrophages
2. Endothelial
3. Leukocytes

Question 5

List 3 things Prostaglandins triggers

Answer 5

1. Trauma
2. Certain chemicals
3. Certain physical

Question 6

List 5 effects of Prostaglandins

Answer 6

1. Vasodilation
2. Produce fever
3. Inhibit stomach acid secretion
4. Smooth muscle constriction
5. Uterine muscle relaxation

Question 7

What are NSAIDs?

Answer 7

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

Question 8

What do NSAIDs do?

Answer 8

• Inhibit COX enzymes that are responsible for adverse effects
• Inhibit COX-1 enzymes in stomach -> removes protective effects, results in GI mucosa damage
• Inhibit COX-2 enzymes in peripheral tissues will reduce pain and inflammation

Question 9

List 3 adverse effects of NSAIDs

Answer 9

1. Irritation of gastric mucosa
2. Increases secretion of hydrochloric acid
3. Prolonged bleeding times

Question 10

List 5 effects of H1 receptors

Answer 10

1. Increased permeability
2. Vasodilation
3. Appetite suppression
4. Contraction
5. Pain and itching sensations

Question 11

List 5 effects of H2 receptors

Answer 11

1. Increased gastric acid secretion
2. Vasodilation
3. Relaxation
4. Control of fluid balance
5. Modulation of immune function

Question 12

What can serotonin be used to treat?

Answer 12

• Anxiety

- Depression

Question 13

What does nitric oxide do?

Answer 13

Helps maintain homeostasis

Question 14

What are cytokines used for?

Answer 14

• Autoimmune conditions

- Transplant