Define “Pathogen”
Organisms that invade and can cause illness
Name the 2 types of bacteria
- Gram+
2. Gram-
Describe gram+ bacteria
- Single cell wall
- Phospholipid bilayer & thick cell wall
Describe gram- bacteria
- Complex cell wall
- Phospholipid bilayer, thin cell wall & phospholipid bilayer
List the 3 common shapes of bacteria
- Spiral-shaped (spirilla)
- Rod-shaped (bacilli)
- Spherical-shaped (cooci)
Are viruses cells?
No, they’re DNA/RNA encased in protein
What are the 2 categories of defensive actions?
- Specific defence (adaptive)
2. Non-specific defence (innate)
What can skin and mucous membranes be categorised as?
Innate
What can inflammatory and cellular response be categorised as?
Innate
What can an antigen response be categorised as?
Adaptive
Which immune responses can an antigen response trigger?
- Cell-mediated
2. Antibody mediated
List 3 susceptibility factors for infections
- Age (young and elderly)
- Inadequate immunological defences
- Disruption to body’s normal barriers
What schedule drug are antibiotics?
Schedule 4
What are the 4 modes of action of antibiotics?
- Inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis
- Inhibition of bacterial DNA synthesis
- Inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis
- Inhibition of folate synthesis
Which medications kill bacteria by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis?
- Penicillins
- Cephalosporins
- Monobactams
- Carbapenems
How do aminoglycosides kill bacteria?
By inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis
What are 2 examples of aminoglycosides? And what do they do?
- Streptomycin
- Gentamicin
They inhibit protein synthesis
What are 3 examples of penicillins? And what do they do?
- Penicillin G
- Ampicillin
- Methicillin
They inhibit cell wall synthesis
List 3 nursing considerations of aminoglycosides
- Should not be administered to those with renal impairment
- Provides good hydration
- Monitor for ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
