week 9

Question 1

name: path of vision in brain

Answer 1

• retina
• optic nerve
• optic chiasm
• optic tract
• LGN
  ⤷ in thalamus
• optic radiation
  ⤷ going to occipital
• V1

Question 2

question: what and where is calcarine sulcus?

Answer 2

• location of area V1
  ⤷ divides V1 into upper and lower halves
• begins near the occipital pole
  ⤷ extends anteriorly to meet the parieto-occipital sulcus

Question 3

question: what and where is lingual gyrus?

Answer 3

• region V2
• ventral posterior area
  ⤷ going into temporal lobe
  ⤷ (lower part) gives “what” info bc temporal

Question 4

question: what and where is fusiform gyrus?

Answer 4

• area V4
• higher level + more complex
  ⤷ ex. facial recog.

Question 5

explain: struc. of area V1

Answer 5

• laminar org. in layer 4
• heterogenous
  ⤷ has more than 1 function
  ⤷ heterogeneity preserved in V2
• also called striate cortex
  ⤷ layer 4 = striped

Question 6

explain: receiving + projections from area V1

Answer 6

• receives input from LGN
  ⤷ in thal. (diencephalon)
• sends info to other extrastriate cortex areas
  ⤷ higher order processing (shape, motion, colour)

Question 7

name + explain: compartments in V1

Answer 7

• blobs = dark stain
  ⤷ more active
  ⤷ colour sensitive
• interblobs = orientation sensitive

**blobs + interblobs = in layers 2 and 3 of V1

Question 8

name + explain: compartments in V2

Answer 8

• thin = colour
• thick = form + motion

Question 9

name: primary function of V4

Answer 9

• mostly colour vision
• also plays a role in mvt., depth, and position

Question 10

question: what projections happen after V2?

Answer 10

**V2 in occipital (project from occipital lobe to:)

• to parietal = dorsal stream (where)
• to inferior temporal lobe = ventral stream (what)
• to superior temp. sulcus = STS stream
  ⤷ visuospatial func. (collects where and when)

Question 11

name: functions of STS stream (5)

Answer 11

1. theory of mind
   ⤷ thinking of mind of others
2. bio. motion
3. faces
4. voices
5. language
   ⤷ activated diff. dep. on type of speech

Question 12

question: where do parts of V1 and V2 project to?

Answer 12

• blobs (V1) -> V4 (colour
• interblobs (V1) -> MT and V5 (motion)
• V1 and V2 -> V3 (dynamic form)
  ⤷ shape of objects in diff. orientations

Question 13

name + explain: categories of vision (5)

Answer 13

1. vision for action
   - parietal vision areas in dorsal stream
   ⤷ where
   - how you interact/resp. to envrt. (reflexive resp.)
   - bottom up
   ⤷ reflexes = quick resp. (+ don’t need as much cognitive effect)
2. action for vision
   - visual scanning (attention)
   - eye mvt. + selective attention
   - top down
   ⤷ takes like for higher cortical areas to guide actions
3. recognition
   - temporal lobe (what)
4. space
   - parietal lobe (where)
   ⤷ egocentric = location relative to person
   ⤷ allocentric = location relative to another object
5. visual attention
   - brain doesn’t encode everything
   ⤷ processed unconsciously = prevent overwhelming
   - attention to important parts