Computer Information Systems > Week One > Flashcards

Week One Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three main components of an Information System?

A
  • People
  • Processes
  • Technology

Information systems always involve these three components.

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2
Q

What does the IS Responsibility encompass?

A
  • Develop
  • Implement
  • Manage an infrastructure of information technology
  • Data (internal and external)
  • Organization-wide systems (ERP, etc.)

The IS function has a broad responsibility in organizations.

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: The IS function is responsible for tracking new technology and assisting in incorporating it into the organization’s _______.

A

strategy

This includes planning and practices related to technology.

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4
Q

What are the components of technology in an Information System?

A
  • Hardware
  • Software
  • Database
  • Networks

These components converge to form a complete information system.

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5
Q

True or false: The IS function is only responsible for hardware and software.

A

FALSE

The IS function also includes data management and organization-wide systems.

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6
Q

What is the role of the CIO (Chief Information Officer) in an organization?

A
  • More managerial than technical
  • Should report to CEO (or COO, but ideally not the latter)
  • Externally focused
  • Find business problems
  • Find business solutions through technology
  • Define roles
  • Plan work
  • Tracking
  • Interface management
  • Infrastructure support

The CIO ensures that everything continues working and aligns technology with business needs.

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7
Q

Information Systems (IS) provides awareness of which issues in relation to information technology?

A
  • Behavioral issues
  • Organizational issues
  • Methodical issues

IS is a discipline that relates to information technology in a business environment.

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8
Q

Information Systems has evolved from which three disciplines?

A
  • Behavioral science
  • Management theory
  • Computer science

These disciplines highlight the critical role of people, management practices, and technical knowledge in IS.

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9
Q

Fill in the blank: The CIO should report to the _______.

A

CEO

Ideally, the CIO should not report to the COO.

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10
Q

True or false: The CIO is primarily focused on technical aspects of the organization.

A

FALSE

The CIO is more managerial and externally focused, addressing business problems through technology.

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11
Q

What do databases get their data from?

A

Transaction processing systems

Example: Cash register = transaction, which is stored in the database.

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12
Q

What does a Transaction Processing System do?

A

Records the data passing through

It captures individual transactions for later use.

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13
Q

What is the purpose of a Management Information System?

A

Uses summary data to manage the organization

It helps in decision-making by providing relevant information.

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14
Q

What is an Office Information System?

A

An information system used to run an office

It facilitates office tasks and operations.

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15
Q

What is a Personal Information System?

A

A personal processor that brings data down from the main database

Example: Phone, laptop, etc.

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16
Q

What does a Data Warehouse hold?

A

All current and previous transactions for all of history

It serves as a central repository for data analysis.

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17
Q

What is the function of an Executive Management System?

A

Manages information strategically from year to year

It focuses on long-term planning and decision-making.

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18
Q

What is a Decision Support System?

A

Helps executives make decisions about the organization

It provides analytical tools and data for informed decision-making.

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19
Q

What does an Expert System do?

A

Takes rules and data from machine learning and data warehouse

It captures expertise that exists in an organization.

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20
Q

Who is referred to as a knowledge worker?

A

An individual who creates, modifies, and/or synthesizes knowledge

This term was coined by Peter Drucker in 1954.

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21
Q

What is a Knowledge Society?

A

A relatively educated community

Knowledge societies emphasize the importance of education and information in social development.

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22
Q

Define the Digital Divide.

A

Those with access to information systems have a great advantage over those who do not

The digital divide highlights inequalities in access to technology and information.

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23
Q

True or false: In America, the digital divide is rapidly shrinking.

A

TRUE

This indicates progress in improving access to information systems.

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24
Q

The digital divide is even larger in developing countries due to lack of __________ and __________.

A

infrastructure and financial resources

These factors hinder access to information systems in developing regions.

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25
List the **six IT Megatrends**.
* Social media * Internet of things * Cloud computing * Mobile * Big data * Artificial intelligence ## Footnote These trends are shaping changes in organizations and society.
26
What era are we living in according to the text?
Post-PE era ## Footnote This refers to the period following the proliferation of personal electronics.
27
In the developing world, mobile devices often leapfrog traditional __________.
infrastructure ## Footnote This means mobile technology is adopted without the need for previous technologies.
28
What are some **implications** of mobile technology?
* Increased collaboration * New ways to reach customers * New ways to work * The ability to manage business in real time ## Footnote These implications highlight the transformative effects of mobile technology on business and society.
29
What does the **Internet of Things** enable devices to do?
Connect over the internet and share data automatically ## Footnote Devices have embedded computers and sensors, allowing for connectivity.
30
Define **Big Data**.
Extremely large and complex datasets characterized by high volume, variety, and velocity ## Footnote By 2025, the world's data is estimated to grow to 175 zettabytes.
31
What is the **Industrial Internet of Things**?
Enables the convergence of information technology and operations technology ## Footnote It focuses on integrating IT with operational processes.
32
What is **globalization**?
Integration of economies throughout the world enabled by technological progress ## Footnote It manifests in visible economic, cultural, and technological changes.
33
True or false: Companies in the **information age economy** create value primarily from people.
FALSE ## Footnote Companies are creating value from data rather than from people.
34
What are the **three stages of globalization** according to Thomas Friedman?
* Globalization 1.0 * Globalization 2.0 * Globalization 3.0 ## Footnote These stages span from the year 00 to the present, marking significant changes in global connectivity.
35
What time period does **Globalization 1.0** cover?
-00 to 1800 ## Footnote This stage is characterized by the Age of Exploration.
36
What technological advancements are associated with the **first half of Globalization 2.0**?
* Steam engine * Railroads ## Footnote These innovations significantly improved transportation and communication.
37
What technological advancements are associated with the **second half of Globalization 2.0**?
* Satellites * Fiber optics * Apple Mac Pro * OpenMoko open source smartphone ## Footnote These advancements further enhanced global connectivity and communication.
38
What is the main idea of **Globalization 3.0**?
The world is shrinking ## Footnote This stage emphasizes rapid travel and data transfer across the globe.
39
What are the **three powerful technological forces** contributing to the Great Convergence?
* Cheap and ubiquitous computing devices * Low-cost, high bandwidth * Open standards ## Footnote These forces enable widespread access to information, services, and entertainment.
40
Fill in the blank: In Globalization 3.0, we have computing everywhere and anywhere with access to _______.
limitless amounts of information, services, and entertainment ## Footnote This reflects the extensive reach of technology in daily life.
41
What has the creation of a **global, web-enabled playing field** allowed for?
Multiple forms of collaboration, sharing of knowledge and work in real time ## Footnote This occurs without regard to geography, distance, or language.
42
What are the **advances in technology** that drive internationalization of firms?
* Reduces cost of doing international business * Enables even small firms to go international * Helps coordinate worldwide activities * Mitigates geographic distance ## Footnote These advances facilitate global business operations.
43
List the **positive consequences** of technological advances.
* More jobs * Economic development and growing prosperity * Technology and knowledge transfer ## Footnote These outcomes contribute to overall societal benefits.
44
What are the **negative consequences** associated with technological advances?
* Carbon footprint * Disruptive effects in natural economies * Human rights violations abroad (sweatshops) * Job losses at home ## Footnote These issues highlight the darker side of globalization and technology.
45
What is an **unintended consequence** of globalization?
Loss of national sovereignty ## Footnote This results in power shifts to multinational enterprises (MNEs) and larger countries.
46
What are the **unintended consequences** of offshoring and the flight of jobs?
* Dislocation of jobs * Effects on the Poor * Effects on the Natural Environment * Effects on national culture ## Footnote These consequences highlight the complex impacts of globalization on various aspects of society.
47
How are the **benefits of globalization** distributed?
Not evenly distributed ## Footnote This uneven distribution affects different socioeconomic groups, particularly the poor.
48
What are some **firm-level consequences** of globalization?
* Countless new business opportunities * New risks and intense rivalry * Demanding buyers sourcing worldwide * Greater emphasis on proactive internationalization * Internationalization of firm's value chain ## Footnote Firms must adapt to a rapidly changing global market landscape.
49
What are the **governmental challenges** associated with globalization?
* Political system changes * Regulatory challenges * Data-sharing challenges * Differences in standards ## Footnote Governments face various obstacles in adapting to globalization, impacting policy and regulation.
50
What are some examples of **regulatory challenges** faced by governments?
* Tariffs * Embargoes * Export regulations * Quotas ## Footnote These regulatory measures can significantly affect international trade and relations.
51
What are the **data-sharing challenges** in globalization?
* Transborder data flow regulations ## Footnote These regulations can complicate international business operations and data management.
52
What are some examples of **differences in standards** that can arise in globalization?
* UPC vs. EAN * Postal codes * Phone numbers * Measurement units ## Footnote Standardization issues can create barriers to trade and complicate international transactions.
53
What are the effects of **internet access and individual freedom** in the context of globalization?
* Content blocking by governments * Censorship * Internet access blocking ## Footnote These factors can limit the free flow of information and impact individual rights in various countries.
54
What are the **geoeconomic challenges** mentioned?
* Time zone challenges * Cultural challenges * Environmental challenges * Other challenges ## Footnote These challenges impact international business operations and interactions.
55
What is a **time zone challenge** in geoeconomics?
* Real-time meetings across continents are difficult * Working around the clock is possible ## Footnote Time zone differences can complicate scheduling and communication.
56
Name the **cultural challenges** related to national cultures.
* Power distance * Uncertainty avoidance * Individualism/collectivism * Masculinity/femininity * Concept of time * Life focus ## Footnote These cultural dimensions affect how societies interact and conduct business.
57
What does **power distance** refer to in cultural challenges?
Difference in how societies handle the issue of human inequality ## Footnote It reflects the extent to which less powerful members of a society defer to more powerful members.
58
What does **uncertainty avoidance** indicate?
Risk-taking nature of a society ## Footnote Societies with high uncertainty avoidance prefer structured conditions and rules.
59
Define **individualism/collectivism** in cultural challenges.
Value placed on an individual vs. a group ## Footnote Individualistic cultures prioritize personal goals, while collectivist cultures emphasize group goals.
60
What does the term **masculinity/femininity** describe?
Degree to which a society is characterized as masculine or feminine ## Footnote Masculine cultures value competitiveness and achievement, while feminine cultures prioritize care and quality of life.
61
What is the significance of the **concept of time** in cultural challenges?
* Long-term vs. short-term orientation ## Footnote Different cultures perceive and value time differently, impacting business strategies.
62
What does **life focus** refer to in cultural challenges?
* Quantity vs. quality of life ## Footnote This reflects how societies prioritize material success versus well-being.
63
What are the **environmental challenges** mentioned?
* Energy consumption * Pollution * Workers' health * Shipping ## Footnote These challenges affect sustainability and operational efficiency in global business.
64
What are the **other challenges** in geoeconomics?
* Differences in what is regarded as appropriate * Standards of dealing with intellectual property ## Footnote These challenges can create legal and ethical dilemmas in international business.
65
What is **network readiness**?
Not every country has access to the global network economy ## Footnote This highlights disparities in global connectivity.
66
Define **noise** in the context of information systems.
Anything that cannot be distinguished or interpreted ## Footnote Noise can interfere with the clarity of data transmission.
67
What is **data**?
Raw facts ## Footnote Examples include: three feet, blue, (1,2, 5, 10, 7), $1.01.
68
Define **information**.
Data with meaning ## Footnote Example: How much does it cost? Answer: $1.01.
69
What is **knowledge**?
Information put to work ## Footnote This is often applied in business processes.
70
Define **wisdom**.
The soundness of an action or decision with regard to the application of experience, knowledge, and good judgement ## Footnote Wisdom involves making informed choices.
71
What are the key aspects of **computer ethics**?
* Information privacy * Information accuracy * Information property * Information accessibility ## Footnote These aspects guide ethical behavior in the use of information technology.
72
DELETE
Information that you may want to keep private: * SSN * Medical history * Biometrics for better protection ## Footnote These are examples of sensitive information that individuals often prefer to keep confidential.
73
What is the fastest growing **information crime**?
Selling information about people ## Footnote This highlights the increasing concern over privacy and data security.
74
DELETE
High costs of incorrect information: * Banks * Hospitals ## Footnote Incorrect information can lead to severe consequences, including financial loss and health risks.
75
A software error in a radiation therapy device caused massive overexposure, causing multiple deaths and injuries is an example of **__________ accuracy**.
Information accuracy ## Footnote This example emphasizes the critical need for accurate information in healthcare.
76
What does **information property** refer to?
Who owns information about individuals and how it can be sold and exchanged ## Footnote This raises ethical questions about data ownership and privacy.
77
What is Amazon famous for in terms of **personalization**?
Personalization of user experience ## Footnote However, this raises concerns about the costs associated with revealing personal information.
78
True or false: Companies seem to know about our every **move**.
TRUE ## Footnote This reflects the pervasive nature of data collection and surveillance in modern society.
79
What must a **company maintaining the database** with customer information ensure?
* Cannot sell information they agreed not to share * Must ensure proper data handling practices ## Footnote These practices are essential for maintaining customer trust and complying with legal standards.
80
How does **social networking** complicate privacy matters?
* Complexity of privacy settings * Friends can tag you without your knowledge ## Footnote These factors can lead to unintended sharing of personal information.
81
Who has the right to **monitor information**?
Employers can monitor information, such as e-mail communications ## Footnote This raises questions about privacy rights in the workplace.
82
The **Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA)** offers stronger support for which type of communication?
Voicemail ## Footnote The ECPA provides less protection for e-mail communications compared to voicemail.
Computer Information Systems
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