refers to the
process by which individuals learn,
understand, and internalize the roles,
behaviors, expectations, and identities
associated with being male, female, or
another gender in society.
Gender development
of acquiring a sense
of gender identity and gender-typed
behaviors, which is influenced by
biological, social, and cultural factors.
personal process
which aims to achieve gender equality by
analyzing and changing the unequal
gender roles, relations, and
opportunities within society, particularly
in areas of education, health, and
economic development.
Social
Differences in chromosomes ,
hormones (e.g., testosterone, estrogen),
and brain structure lay the foundation
for gendered behaviors and
development.
Biological
Children actively construct their
understanding of gender in stages,
culminating in Gender Constancy (the
understanding that gender is fixed and
permanent) around age 6 or 7.
Kohlberg’s cognitive developmental theory
Children develop mental frameworks
(gender schemas) that filter and
organize information about
“appropriate” male and female
behaviors
Gender schema theory
A psychological perspective on self-
development rooted in the mind’s structure
and early experiences.
Focus: Personality formation and the
development of the Id (instincts), Ego
(reality), and Superego
(morality/conscience).
Freud’s psychosexual stages
Freud’s psychosexual stages
Oral Stage (0-1)
Anal Stage (1-3)
Phallic (3-6)
Latency (6-Puberty)
Genital (Puberty)
is
crucial for gender development, involving
the Oedipus (boys) or Electra (girls)
complex, where identification with the
same-sex parent leads to the adoption of
gender roles.
The Phallic Stage (ages 3-6)
Getting fed is the GOAT. It’s about being
dependent and trusting.
Oral Stage (0-1)
Toilet training is the main boss fight, it’s
about control and being messy vs. tidy
Anal Stage (1-3)
The Oedipus/Electra Complex drops. You
low-key wanna mog the parent of the same
sex to get the other parent’s rizz.
Phallic (3-6)
The sexual energy is on mute. You grind on
school, hobbies, and making besties. You’re
building social aura.
Latency (6-Puberty)
You finally unlock adult relationship skils.
The goal is mature, mutual rizz and not
being a simp.
Genital (Puberty)
Kohlberg’s theory of moral development
PRE-CONVENTIONAL
CONVENTIONAL
POST-CONVENTIONAL
- Self-interest
and consequences
(punishment/reward).
PRE-CONVENTIONAL
- Upholding laws and
social rules.
CONVENTIONAL
- Abstract
ethical principles and universal
rights.
POST-CONVENTIONAL
Sociological theories of gender development
Social role theory
Social learning theory
Doing gender
Giligan’s theory of moral development
General strain theory
Socialist feminism
Social constructionism
Social cognitive theory
