1.5 Settlements Flashcards

(23 cards)

1
Q

What is a settlement ?

A

A place where people live and carry out a range of activities e.g trade, manufacturing, agriculture, etc

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2
Q

What is pattern of settlement and what is the main way in which settlement is categorised ?

A
  • Settlements come in different shapes and sizes called patterns => it is how the settlement is laid out
  • Settlements range from isolated buildings in rural regions to urban megacities of over 10 million people
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3
Q

What are the settlement patterns ?

A
  1. Dispersed: where isolated houses/farms are spread out in fields or along roads instead of being all in one place
  2. Linear: when a settlement grows in a line, usually following a river, road, coastline or valley floor
  3. Nucleated: when all houses are built very close together around a central feature e.g church, village green, crossroads,…
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4
Q

Explain why there is dispersed settlement pattern ?

A
  • Found in rural areas with few people or mountainous areas
  • Happened in England (1600s-1700s) due to big rural estates were broken up
  • Extreme weather e.g too hot, wet, cold or dry => very hard for settlement to grow
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5
Q

Explain why there is linear settlement pattern ?

A

Because of the way the land is shaped
=> villages tend to line up along a river or trade and transport route

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6
Q

Explain why there is nucleated settlement pattern ?

A
  • Defence
  • Trade
  • Co-operative community: agriculture, water, work
  • People group on a hilltop to avoid flood
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7
Q

What are the types of settlements found within rural and urban areas ?

A

Rural: dispersed, hamlet, village, small market town
Urban: large towns, cities, conurbations, megacities

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8
Q

What is the site of a settlement ?

A

The land that the settlement is built on

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9
Q

What is the situation of a settlement ?

A

Where the settlement is in relation to other things e.g a forest, a lake,..

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10
Q

Factors influencing the sites and development of rural settlements?

A
  1. The available of agricultural land is a key feature as it provides a food supply for the village
  2. Relief
    + Altitude - high areas => hard for agriculture (cold)
    + Gradient - gentle slopes => well drained, easier to cultivate and build on; steep slopes can help defence
    + Aspect - direction slope faces; valleys run east-west => sunlight for agriculture
  3. Soils - fertile soil (support larger population) => densely settled; rich volcanic soils => more dense
  4. Water supply - near river (wet point)
  5. Drainage and flooding - areas slightly higher than flood plains (dry point) => good for farming
    6.Accessibility - develop in a linear settlement pattern along roads/tracks => easy to access
  6. Resources - useful being close to resources to use/sold them
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11
Q

What are the factors that affect the growth of a settlement ?

A
  1. Climate: too extreme and settlements remain small
  2. Raw materials: leads to more investment => more opportunities attract people to the area => growth
  3. Fertile land: excess can be sold & non-farming services can be supported => natural growth of settlement
  4. Location: central to other places, access for trade
  5. Historical: seat of government & universities => people come nearby & growth of settlement
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12
Q

What is the function of a settlement ?

A

The function of a settlement is the purpose/use of a particular settlement
+ Large settlements have more than 1 function & these can change over time

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13
Q

What are some common functions of a settlement ?

A
  • Political
  • Dormitory
  • Agricultural
  • Tourism
  • Mining
  • Port
  • Market town
  • Fishing
  • Residential
  • Industrial
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14
Q

What do hierarchy and settlement hierarchy mean ?

A
  • Hierarchy is when items are placed in order of importance or significance
  • Settlement hierarchy is when settlements are placed in order of importance
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15
Q

What are the factors in determine the importance of a settlement (settlement hierarchy) ?

A
  1. Population size
  2. The range and number of services
  3. Sphere of influence
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16
Q

List the settlement hierarchy from the bottom to the top and say how some of the features change from bottom to top ?

A

Isolated home => hamlet => village => town => city => conurbation => megacity
- Higher up the hierarchy, fewer settlements are found
- The size of settlement, population, number and types of services provided increases up the hierarchy

17
Q

What is threshold population ?

A

The minimum number of people necessary for before a particular good/service will be provided in the area

18
Q

What are low-order services and high-order services ?

A
  • Low-order services are services that you use frequently
  • High-order services are services that you use rarely
19
Q

What is the link between the types of settlements and the type of services provided ?

A
  • Small village, hamlet, will only provide low-order services e.g post office, general store, pub, possibly doctor
  • Towns provide low- and high-order services e.g church, medical centre, garages, schools and restaurants
  • Cities & conurbations will focus on high-order services e.g leisure centres, schools, churches, chain stores, hospitals
20
Q

What does sphere of influence mean ?

A

The area that a settlement serves, also known as the catchment area

21
Q

Link between settlement size and sphere of influence ?

A
  • Larger settlement has greater sphere of influence
  • A hamlet/village would normally have a low sphere of influence => a small field of services
  • If village is a tourist spot => sphere of influence could be greater than a town
22
Q

What does the range of a product mean ?

A

The maximum distance people are willing to travel to purchase a specific good or use a particular service

23
Q

What are low-order and high-order goods and their range ?

A
  1. Low-order goods: things that are bought regularly e.g milk, bread
    => people are not prepared to travel far for convenience goods => lower range
  2. High-order goods: comparison goods e.g electrical goods, furniture that shopper will buy only after making comparison between various models and different shops
    + A high population threshold is needed to sustain a shop selling comparison goods
    + People are prepared to travel some distance to obtain the goods => high range