Theme 1b Migration

Question 1

Reasons for voluntary migration ?

Answer 1

• Job opportunities, better paid job
• Trade and economical expansion
• More pleasant climate
• Better education
• Better healthcare
• Closer to friends / family

Question 2

Causes for forced migration ?

Answer 2

• Avoid religious/political persecution
• Avoid war
• Slavery/forced labour as a prisoner of war
• Racial discrimination
• Famine
• Overpopulation
• Natural disasters

Question 3

Problems for international migrants when moving to another country ?

Answer 3

• Lack of educational qualifications/skills => have to do unskilled jobs/ works informally
• Many are doing low paid jobs
• Poor working conditions/dirty jobs/ exploitation by employers
• Language difficulties
• Can’t afford education/healthcare/housing

Question 4

Positive impacts for the country of origin of the migrants ?

Answer 4

• Migrants may return with new skills
• Less pressure on public services
• More resources available
• Reduction in unemployment
• Remittances can boost local economy

Question 5

Negative impacts for the country of origin of the migrants ?

Answer 5

• Tax increases due to depopulation
• Reduction of workforce
• Brain-drain effect: less of a skilled workforce
• Ageing population due to outflow of young people
• Depopulation in rural areas => affect agriculture outputs

Question 6

Positive impacts for the destination country of the migrant ?

Answer 6

• More low-wage workers
• Overcome labour shortages
• Dirty unskilled jobs are filled
• Cultural enrichment
• Increased diversity
• Boost to local economy

Question 7

Negative impacts for the destination country of the migrant ?

Answer 7

• Job competition
• Increased pressure on natural resources
• Increased pressure on public services
• Discrimination and racial tensions
• Overcrowding
• Language barriers & problems

Question 8

Benefits of remittance for home country:

Answer 8

1. Money can be used for children to go to school
2. Used to improve farms
3. Support families/raises their standard of living
4. Pay for healthcare
5. Pay for better, healthier diet
6. Improve living conditions
7. Improve water supply

Question 9

Define push factors

Answer 9

The reasons why people leave an area

Question 10

Define pull factors

Answer 10

The reasons why people move to a particular area (the perceived outcome that people think the destination will bring them)

Question 11

Positive impacts on the migrants ?

Answer 11

• Usually better jobs on arrival
• Escaped from conflict
• Usually a better quality of life
• Better education and job skills
• Can support family in the origin country through remittances

Question 12

Negative impacts on the migrants (migration barriers)?

Answer 12

• Can run out of money
• Language & cultural barrier
• Migrants can be exploited
• Passport/visa/immigration issues
• Problems with housing/accommodation upon arrival
• Weather conditions can be unsuitable for migrants’ current clothing