MICROBIOLOGY > 22-24 > Flashcards

22-24 Flashcards

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1
Q

Associated with cell wall

A

o-antigen

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2
Q

Associated with flagella

A

h-antigen

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3
Q

Associated with capsule

A

k antigen

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4
Q

Specific capsular antigen of
Salmonella

A

vi-antigen

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5
Q

diagnostic test for S. pyogenes

A

schultz charlton

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6
Q

antibodies against Salmonella

A

widal test

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7
Q

-detects antibodies against Rickettsia

A

weil felix

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8
Q

derived from Proteus vulgaris

A

ox-2 and ox-19

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9
Q

derived from Proteus mirabilis

A

ox-k

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10
Q

Mantoux, Mendel’s, Tuberculin, Vollmer’s and von Pirquet

A

Tuberculosis

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11
Q

Schick’s test

A

diptheria

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12
Q

Dick’s test

A

scarlet fever

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13
Q

Mallein test

A

glander’s disease

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14
Q

ascoli test

A

Anthrax

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15
Q

Francis test

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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16
Q

uses artificial carriers
as reagents (latex, treated RBCs or bacterial cell)
which can adsorb test antigen, upon contact with the specific antibody found in a serum agglutination
occurs

A

particle agglutination test

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17
Q

Presence of visible clumps
agglutination

A

positive result
-latex agglutination
-coaaglutination

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18
Q

uses soluble antigen which can
react with antibodies in the patient’s serum

A

flocculation test

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19
Q

Refers to the proliferation of bacteria rather than an increase in sheer size

A

bacterial growth

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20
Q

Factors influencing bacterial growth:

A

Nutritional requirements
Environmental factors

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21
Q

3 Major nutritional requirements for Bacterial Growth:

A

carbon source
nitrogen source
water
mineral elements
salts

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22
Q

for making cellular
constituents

A

carbon source

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23
Q

CO2 from air

A

autotrophic

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24
Q

Organic compounds from culture media

A

heterotrophic

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25
(for making proteins and nucleic acids
nitrogen source
26
for performing cellular functions
energy source
27
Organic molecules
Organotroph
28
Inorganic molecules
Lithotroph
29
Needed as co-factors invarious metabolic process of the bacteria
mineral elements
30
for protein synthesis
magnesium
31
cofactors for replication and transcription
zinc
32
bacteria that can survive high salt concentration environment
halophilic
33
halophiles example
-Staphylococcus spp. -Enterococcus spр. -Vibrio spp. EXCEPT Vibrio cholerae & Vibrio mimicus -Bacillus spp.
34
Autotrophs Lithotrophs
Photoautotrophs Chemoautotrophs Thermoautotrophs
35
Heterotrophs Organotrophs
All bacteria that inhabit the human body
36
Very difficult to grow: requires special or additional requirements to grow in culture media
fastidious organisms
37
example of fastidious organisms
Haemophilus spp and other anaerobes
38
requires either/neither/both X & V factor
haemophilus spp
39
Blood Agar Plate
culture media
40
5% defibrinated sheep's blood
1st priority
41
horse blood
2nd priority
42
rabbit's blood
3rd priority
43
human blood (must be type o - no presence of antigens)
least priority
44
HEAT STABLE FACTOR
x factor
45
HEAT LABILE FACTOR
v factor
46
Both X and V factors are found WITHIN
rbc
47
Environmental Factors Influencing Growth
pH temperature gaseous
48
bacteria grow best at a neutral pH with a final pH adjusted between 7.0 and 7.5
PATHOGENIC
49
related cultures are incubated at 30° C.
mycoses
50
bacteria that can grow at 35 to 42 °C
pseudomonas aruginosa
51
pH 0 to 5.5: Acid loving bacteria
acidophiles
52
acidophiles
lactobacillus acidophilus
53
normal flora of vagina
Lactobacillus acidophilus
54
pH 5.5 to 8.0; Diagnostic laboratory media for bacteria are usually adjusted to a final pH between 7.0 and 7.5
neutrophiles
55
pH 8.5 to 11.5: Alkali loving bacteria
alkalophiles
56
alkalophiles example
Gardnerella vaginal
57
Bacteria that grow best at cold temperatures; OT of 10 to 20°С
Psychrophiles Cryophiles
58
Bacteria that grow best at moderate temperatures; OT of 20 to 40°C;
mesophiles
59
Bacteria that grow best at high temperatures; OT of 50 to 60°C; to 125°C
thermophiles
60
Can survive at extreme environment like below earth's surface (Bacillus infernus)
extremophiles
61
require and grow in increased sodium chloride concentration (Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes)
halophiles
62
example of halophiles
Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes)
63
organism that grow rapidly in high pressure environments 600 to 110 atmospheric pressure
barophiles
64
barophiles example
(Photobacterium, Shewanella and Colwellia)
65
Osmophilic bacteria
high osmotic pressure
66
high osmotic pressure example
archaebacteria spp
67
wide thermal range for growth
Eurithermophilic
68
narrow thermal range for growth
Sternothermophilic
69
Grow in the presence of oxygen
aerobes
70
Strictly require oxygen for growth 15% to 21% 02 and 1% CО2
obligate aerobe
71
obligate aerobe examples
Micrococcus spp., Brucella spp. Mycobacterium spp., Neisseria spp., Pseudomonas spp., Francisella spp., Bordetella spp., Leptospira spp
72
Can grow either with or without oxygen. If oxygen is present, the bacteria will utilize it via aerobic respiration and grow faster than without oxygen
facultative anaerobes
73
facultative anaerobes examples
Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Enterobacteriaceae
74
Bacteria require a reduced level of oxygen to grow. 5 to 10% O2
microaerophilic
75
microaerophilic example
Campylobacter spp., Helicobacter spp., Arcobacter spp., and some Streptococcus spp.
76
grow in the absence of oxygen
anaerobes
77
Cannot grow in the presence of oxygen
obligate anaerobes
78
example of obligate anaerobes
Clostridium spp., Bacteroides spp. Fusobacterium spp., Porphyromonas spp Peptostreptococcus spp.,
79
Can survive in the presence of oxygen but do not use oxygen in metabolism
aerotolerant anaerobe
80
aerotolerant anaerobe example
Clostridium spp. Bacteroides fragilis, Most strains of Proprionibacterium and Lactobacillus spp. Streptococcus spp.
81
Organisms that strictly require an atmosphere enriched with extra carbon dioxide (5% to 10%)
capnophilic
82
capnophilic examples
Neisseria gonorrhoeae NHACEK some Streptococcus pneumoniae
83
the time required for one cell to divide into two cells is called
generation time doubling time
84
MICROBIOLOGY
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