PREFINAL PART 2 Flashcards by Jetti .

Facultative anaerobe; not part of the normal flora
Distributed in different bodies of water (brackish, sal or marine water); temperature sensitive grow best a temperature >20 °С

Vibrio spp

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Commonly isolated Vibrio spp:

V. cholerae (serogroups O1 and non-01)
V. parahaemolyticus
V. vulnificus
V. alginolyticus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Halophilic, EXCEPT ( vibrio)

V. cholerae and V. mimicus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

can swarm solid medium with it lateral flagella

V. parahaemolyticUS
and V. alginolyticus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Vibrio spp. must be collected and transported
ONLY in a

Cary Blair medium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

MAC- Colonies are NLF, EXCEPT ( vibrio)

V. vulnificus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ALL are NLF except ( vibrio)

V. vulnificus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ALL are OXIDASE and CATALASE POSITIVE any
REDUCE NITRATE TO NITRITE, EXCEPT

v. metschnikovii

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

TSI of vibrio

A/A Negative gas, Negative H2S; or K/К

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

V. cholerae O1-the agent of CHOLERA (AKA ASIATIC
CHOLERA OR EPIDEMIC CHOLERA)
Prevalent in the Bengal region of India and
Bangladesh
Major subgroups V. cholerae O1, V. cholerae 0139. and V. cholerae non-O1 (phenotypically resemble V. cholerae but fail to agglutinate in 01 antisera)
They share a common flagellar (H) antigen and
somatic (O) antigen.

V. cholerae

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

(past pandemics): VP (-); does not agglutinate chicken RBCS; SUSCEPTIBLE to
polymixin B (50 ug)

classical

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

(recent pandemics) - Bangladesh: VP (+);
agglutinate chicken RBCs and RESISTANT to
polymyxin B

El tor

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Severe gastroenteritis
Rice watery stool

V. cholerae

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

-Gastroenteritis and diarrhea from
contaminated seafood or direct contact with contaminated water;
leading cause of summer diarrhea In Japan
- Exhibits KANAGAWA PHENOMENON

V. parahaemolyticus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

second most common of vibrio
causative agent of summer diarrhea

V. parahaemolyticus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Gastroenteritis and ear infections
Non halophilic
Sucrose fermentation negative

Vibrio mimicus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Less pathogenic among Vibrio and
most infrequently isolated
Associated with wound and ear Infections associated with marine environment

Vibrio vulnificus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Least pathogenic and not
commonly isolated extraintestinal source
STRICT HALOPHILE requiring 1% to 10% NaCI
Eye, ear and wound infections

Vibrio alginolyticus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

-motile (polar flagellum); DARTING MOTILITY
- Both Vibrio and Campylobacter are oxidase
positive; majority are asaccharolytic unlike Vibrio
spp. being fermentative

Campylobacter

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

microaerophilic, ЕХСЕРТ (campylobacter)

С. rectus and C. curvus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

S – shaped rods
SEAGULL WING – SHAPED
May be associated with GUIILAIN – BARRE syndrome
“TAILING EFFECT
RUNNY SPREADING”

Campylobacter

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

culture medium of campylobacter

CAMPY’S, BAP AND SKIRROW’S AGAR

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Do not grow in media with high salt concentration
MOST COMMON CAUSE of bacterial gastroenteritis;
associated with diarrheal disease that begins with
mild abdominal pain within 2 to 10 days post -
exposure
May be associated SEPTIC ARTHRITIS among AIDS
patients; INFECTIVE DOSE >10, 000

C. jejuni

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

MAJOR CAUSE OF TYPE В GASTRITIS, PEPTIC ULCER,
AND GASTRIC CARCINOМА
STRONG UREASE PRODUCER RESULTING TO POSITIVE UREA BREATH

Helicobacter pylori

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

isolated from blood samples of patients with bacteremia and recovered from the blood of homosexual males with and without HIV

Helicobacter cinaedi and Helicobacter fenneliae

- Distributed in fresh and chlorinated waters and nof part of the normal flora - Motile gram-negative rods and facultative anaerobe - Glucose fermenter -Causative agent of the "REDLEG"

Aeoromonas spp.

most common specie of aeromonas

A. caviae

- VERY SUSCEPTIBLE TO DRYING AND EXTREME ENVIROMENT, DIE RAPIDLY IN CLINICAL SPECIMENS - Facultative obligate bacteria residing on the mucous membrane of humans - primarily adapted to respiratory tract of humans and other animals

Haemophilus spp.

Hemin/Hematin | "X - factor for unknown" *HEAT STABLE FACTOR released after degradation of hemoglobin during hemolysis

X factor

HEAT LABILE FACTOR | "V factor for vitamin" * Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) * Coenzyme I

V factor

preferred for BAP for better beta hemolysis for Haemophilus

Horse blood

A phenomenon that helps in the recognition of Haemophilus spp. that require V factor is

Satellitism

- (PFEIFFER’S BACILLUS) - LEADING CAUSE of meningitis in children (<5 years old) and epiglottitis - Very fastidious and susceptible to phagocytosis - The ONLY species with an ability to produce lgA protease - MOUSY OR BLEACH LIKE ODOR colonies

Haemophilus influenzae

MOST SIGNIFICANT VF (serotype A to F based on capsular differences)

Polysaccharide capsule

Capsulated strains *Serotypes (A, B, C, D, E and F) - H. influenza type B (Hib) LEADING CAUSE OF MENINGITIS OF UNVACCINATED CHILDREN

Typeable form

- SECOND leading cause for otitis media (1st S. pneumoniae,3nd Moraxella) - May also cause of conjunctivitis ang sinusitis

Non typeable

- (KOCH WEEK'S BACILLUS) - Part of the normal flora of the upper respiratory Ω Closely resembles H. influenza biotype III - CAUSATIVE AGENT FOR "PINK EYE" CONJUNCTIVITIS

Haemophilus aegyptius

- SMALLEST PATHOGENIC BACILLI - Not part of the normal flora - An agent of chancroid or SOFT and PAINFUL CHANCRE - SCHOOL OF FISH ARRANGEMENT

Haemophilus ducreyi

- Part of the normal flora of the upper respiratory tract - Sometimes linked with otitis media and acute sinusitis, rarely linked with endocarditis and pharyngitis

Haemophilus parainfluenzae

End product of KOVACS

Porphobilinogen (red color)

Porphyrins KOVACS

Reddish orange color

rapid detection for capsular antigen of H. influenzae

Neufeld Quellung Reaction

- Normal oral flora but are seen in some cases of endocarditis, bone and joint infections - Dental plaques and gingival scrapings

Aggregatibacter (Haemophilus) aphrophilus "FOAM LOVING"

- ONLY CATALASE POSITIVE AND OXIDASE NEGATIVE - Can cause destruction of the alveolar bone that supports teeth - Collagenase and Leukotoxin - Serotypes: A, B, C, D, E and F - Mature Colonies: STARSHAPED after 48 hours on BНІ

Aggregatibacter (Actinobacillus) myecetemcomitans

- Colonies are capnophilic and exhibit "PITTING" - Yeast extract - colonies exhibit "ROSETTE" formation and appear filamentous - THE ONLY INDOLE (+) IN HACEK

Cardiobacterium hominis

- produces bleach-like odor "CORRODING BACTERIUМ" - CAPABLE OF PITTING OR CORRODING THE SURFACE OF THE AGAR - SHARP BLEACH ODOR

Eikenella corrodens

Most common cause of osteoarthritis infection in children younger than. 4 years of age

Kingella spp.

- Fastidious, facultatively anaerobic, require increased CO2 for growth and isolation from blood cultures - Found as normal flora of dogs and causes human infections following dog bites

Capnocytophaga

Species under capnocytophaga

C. gingivalis C. sputigena C. hominis C. canimorsus C. ochracea

the most common clinical isolate (capnocytophaga)

C. ochracea

part of the normal flora of the human oral cavity and may serve as endogenous causes of periodontitis and bacteremia in immunosuppressed patients

C. gingivalis, C. sputigena and C. hominis

can produce GLIDING MOTILITY on solid surfaces

capnocytophaga

Most Capnocytophaga isolates are nonhemolytic, EXCEPT for

C. haemolytica

fulminant, life threatening septicemia in humans, particularly in patients with asplenia or alcoholism, after a dog or cat bite or through continuous contact

C. canimorsus

- Opportunistic, encapsulated, nonmotile, oxidase positive, fermentative, facultative anaerobic gram negative bacillus - Found in the oral cavity and respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts of healthy domestic cats and dogs, wild animals, like rodents, rabbits, and birds

Pasteurella

(caused by Pasteurella multocida) - zoonotic disease acquired from exposure to infected animals or products made from infected animals

Pasteurellosis

- Agents of BRUCELLOSIS, UNDULANT FEVER OR MALTA FEVER - CATEGORY B select biological AGENT OF BIOTERRORISM by the CDC (easy to disseminate ano cause moderate morbidity but low mortality) - handled in BSL 3

Brucella

THE MOST COMMON ISOLATE of brucella

B. melitensis

MOST VIRULENT of brucella

B. melitensis and B. suis

sheep/goat

B. melitensis

cattle

B. abortus

Pigs and swine

B. suis

Dogs

B. canis

Plates containinga pancreatic digest of casein, a peptic digest of animal tissue, yeast, and sodium bisulfite are incubated in 5% to 10% CO2 and are HELD FOR 3 WEEKS TO 1 MONTH

brucella agar

culture medium of brucella

biphasic medium or castaneda medium

nonspecific symptoms 1 to 4 weeks post - exposure (i.e., fever, malaise, headache, anorexia, arthralgia, myalgia, and back pain)

Acute

occurs within a year of exposure and is characterized by undulating fevers (body temperatures that rise in the afternoon and evening and fall in the morning), arthritis, and epididymoorchitis

Sub chronic or Undulant form

1 year post - exposure characterized by depression, arthritis, and chronic fatigue syndrome

chronic

- A small, nonmotile, pleomorphic gram-negative bacillus; agent of TULAREMIA - Also known as the rabbit fever, deerfly lemming fever, and water rat trappers' disease - Disease of rodents, primarily rabbits

francisella tularensis

Agar of Francisella Tularensis

Blood-Cysteine-Glucose (BCG) agar

an ulcer forms at the site infection and may persist for months and lymphoadenopathy

Ulceroglandular

contracted via the inhalation route

Pneumonic

affects the conjunctiva of the eye and is acquired through splashing infecting the eye with contaminated hands

Oculoglandular

ingestion of contaminated food or water, and the primary lesion is found i 3 the pharynx

Oropharyngeal

-Gram-negative, very pleomorphic, filamentous bacillus normally found in the oropharynx of rodents, primarily wild and laboratory rats Associated with “RAT BITE FEVER"

Streptobacillus Moniliformis

another type of Streptobacillus infection is ________, acquired by ingesting milk contaminated with S. moniliformis; resembles rat-bite fever, but gastrointestinal signs are more pronounced

Haverhill fever

appearance in the bottom of liquid media

Cotton ball" or "bread crumb"

appearance may be present after 5 days of growth

fried egg

- Ubiquitous, fastidious, gram-negative, non - spore forming bacilli acquired primarily through inhalation (aerosol of contaminated water) from environmental sources (natural – pools, creeks and streams or artificial water sources - potable water system, shower heads and air-condition) - Motile by one or more polar or subpolar flagella

Legionella spp.

Initially (fever, non-productive or dry cough, fatigue, myalgia, arthralgia, headache, difficulty breathing, and diarrhea followed by acute pneumonia and pleural effusions

Legionnaire's disease

non-pneumonia illness (mild flu-like symptoms, such as low-grade fever and chills; generally self-limiting); no pleural effusion or pneumonia; resembles an allergic disease

Pontiac fever

CAUSED BY LEGIONELLA MICDADEI

Pittsburgh Pneumonia

caused by L. BOZEMANII – WIGA AGENT

penumonia

agar use in legionella spp

BCYE

culture of legionella

L- cysteine

Colonies appear sticky and exhibit a _______________

Rainbow color

Non - Carbohydrate fermenter and NON-MOTILE. ЕХСЕРТ (bordetella)

B. BRONCHISEPTICА

agar used of Bordetella

Bordet gengou agar

modifies host proteins by ADPRT affecting signal transduction (В. parapertussis and B. bronchiseptica

Pertussis toxin (Protein toxin)

inhibits host epithelial and immune effector cells by inducing supraphysiologic concentrations of cyclic adenosine monophosphate

Adenylate cyclase toxin:

HIGHLY COMMUNICABLE acute infection of the URT that affects children 90% attack rate for unvaccinated subjects

Classic pertussis

highly communicable; bacteria multiply, spread to contiguous areas; become concentrated in the ciliated epithelial cells and mucous membranes in the respiratory tract (URT)

Catarrhal

Coughing become apparent

Paroxysmal

begins within 4 to 8 weeks a long as 6 months of onset with a decrease in frequency and severity of the coughing spells.

Convalescent

colonies of Bordetella pertussis appear small, shiny and resemble

mercury droplets

produces a brown pigment on Bordet-Gengou agar.

B. parapertussis

Traditional plating uses

cough - plate method

also preferred by microbiologist as it contains contains horse blood, charcoal agar, cephalexin, and amphotericin B

Regan Lowe

Fatty acids, Metal ions, Sulfides and Peroxides

Growth inhibitors

Charcoal, blood, starch

Growth promoters

- Opportunistic pathogens; not normally part of the normal flora * Resistant to chlorhexidine and QUATS * Commonly isolated from medical devices

Non - Fermentative Gram-Negative Bacilli

Fluorescent Group of Pseudomonas

P. aeruginosa P. fluorescens P. putida

Non - Fluorescent group of Pseudomonas

P. stutzeri P. mendocina

Burkholderia group

В. серасіa Burkholderia mallei B. pseudomallei

- The most commonly isolated non - fermentative bacilli - Obligate aerobic, non – spore forming and motile with polar flagella - Plated routinely using MAC and BAP

Pseudomonas spp.

- (AGENT OF BLUE PUS) - Obligate aerobe, motile (by polar flagellum monotrichous) and rod-shaped; MOST FREQUENTLY ISOLATED NON-FERMENTER - Virulence Factor: Endotoxin, pili, alginate, and exotoxins (lecithinase, elastase, protease)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Mild otitis (external) media

swimmer's ear

skin lesion

ECTHYMA GANGRENOSUM

Necrotizing skin rash

jacuzzi syndrome

keratitis

Acanthamoeba and P. aeruginosa

- Resistant to a number of disinfectants and has been responsible for serious NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS - GRAPE-LIKE OR TORTILLA- LIKE ODOR PRODUCES FLUORESCEIN (BLUE-GREEN PUS)

P. aeruginosa

only produced by Р. aeruginosa (blue)

Pyocyanin

(yellow - green or yellow - brown pigment)

Pyoverdin

(red pigment)

Pyorubin

brown or black pigment

Pyomelanin

differential and selective medium that also enhances the pigment production (pyoverdin and pyocyanin) of P. aeruginosa

centrimide agar

-very low virulence, rarely cause diseases - Commonly observed in contaminated blood products, cosmetics, medical devices and respiratory specimens - Can survive at 4°C thus linked with transfusion - related septicemia - Can produce pyoverdine but not pyocyanin - Don't grow at 42°C; susceptible to the aminoglycosides, polymyxin, and piperacillin, but are resistant to carbenicillin and SXT. - Xylose fermenter unlike other Pseudomonads

P. Fluorescens and P. putida

- Produce wrinkled - leathery, adherent colonies that give off a light-yellow or brown pigment - Can cause septicemia, pneumonia, endocarditis and postsurgical wound infections in immunocompromised host - ADH negative and starch hydrolysis positive

P. stutzeri

- Often considered a contaminant Oxidase and ADH positive

P. mendocina

causes "GLANDER'S or FARCY' DISEASE" zoonotic infection affecting equines (horses) transmissible to humans ONLY NON-MOTILE; BIOTERRORISM AGENT

Burkholderia mallei

- causes "MELIODOSIS"- glander's- like disease an aggressive granulomatous pulmonary disease - vietnamese time bomb disease

Burkholderia pseudomallei

Pneumonia in patients with CYSTIC FIBROSIS

B. cepacia

- Isolated from water, dairy products, petroleum gas - Causes ocular infections, otitis media and septicemia

shewanella spp

- Found in the environment and causes wide range of nosocomial infections - AFFINITY TO MALT (fermentation and acid production from MALTOSE) - OXIDASE NEGATIVE AND DNASE, ESCULIN, GELATIN HYDROLYSIS POSTITIVE

Stenotrophomonas THIRD MOST COMMONLY ISOLATED NFGB

previously known as Alkaligenes odorans - found in urine sputum, wound and blood sample; obligate aerobe; OXIDASE POSITIVE AND GROWS ON '6.5% NaCl

Alcaligens and achromobacter spp

PRODUCES VIOLET PIGMENT KNOWN AS VIOLACEIN (glucose fermenter) Positive nitrate reduction

C. violaceum

possess a yellow intracellular pigment - linked with YELLOW MILK FORMATION

Flavobacteriaceaе group

SECOND MOST COMMON NFGB - Obligate aerobe and non - motile Catalase positive and oxidase negative

acinetobacter spp.

- Obligate aerobe, assacharolytic and nonmotile - Causative agent of blepharoconjunctivitis or angular conjunctivitis

Moraxella lacunata

Anaerobic rod: colonizes the distal urethra and cause a serious and active infection

Oligella

PREFINAL PART 2 Flashcards

(131 cards)