MICROBIOLOGY > DIAGNOSTIC > Flashcards

DIAGNOSTIC Flashcards

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1
Q

study of both microscopic and sub-microscopic forms of life that are directly or closely related to human activity welfare; study of life-forms not readily observed by naked eyes (microorganisms) bacteria

A

MICROBIOLOGY

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2
Q

branch of medical science that deals with the study of clinically significant microorganisms; their role in human disease, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of infectious diseases

A

MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY

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3
Q

branch of medical
microbiologythat deals with the laboratory identification of medically significant bacteria by means of phenotypical (physical characteristics) and genotypical characterization (genetic characteristics), including antibiotic susceptibility testing

A

DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY

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4
Q

a microorganism or agent, such as a virus, bacteria, or parasite, that can cause disease or infection in a host organism

A

PATHOGENS

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5
Q

type of pathogens

A

True and Opportunistic Pathogens

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6
Q

Refers to the ability of an organism to cause disease in a host organism

A

PATHOGENICITY

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7
Q

Refers to the degree or intensity of the pathogenicity of a microorganism, indicating how severe the disease or infection it causes can be in a host organism

A

VIRULENCE

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8
Q

Specific factors or characteristics
possessed by microorganisms or pathogens that contribute to their ability to cause disease in a host These determinants can include various attributes such as toxins, enzymes, surface proteins, or other molecular components that enable the pathogen
to infect, colonize, and harm the host organism

A

VIRULENCE FACTORS

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9
Q

the Invasion and multiplication of microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi, within a host organism, often leading to illness or disease

A

INFECTION

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10
Q

an infection caused by microorganisms that are normally present WITHIN the body; these infections arise from the individual’s own microbial flora or microorganisms and can occur when the balance between beneficial andharmful microbes is disrupted, leading to illness or disease

A

ENDOGENOUS INFECTION

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11
Q

an infection caused by microorganisms that come from an EXTERNAL SOURCE, rather than from microorganisms normally present within the body

A

EXOGENOUS INFECTION

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12
Q

RAPID/ SUDDEN ONSET of signs and symptoms which are usually severe to fatal that may lead to death

A

ACUTE INFECTION

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13
Q

GRADUAL ONSET of signs and symptoms that are usually mild to moderate that may progress to long standing infection

A

CHRONIC INFECTION

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14
Q
A
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15
Q

single type of pathogen

A

MONOMICROBIAL INFECTION

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16
Q

caused by 2 or more microorganisms at the same time

A

POLYMICROBIAL INFECTION

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17
Q

spread inside your body

A

AUTOINFECTION

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18
Q

made from your own body

A

AUTOGENOUS

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19
Q

caused by medical treatment

A

IATROGENIC INFECTION

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20
Q

acquired during hospitalization

A

NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION

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21
Q

animal disease which can spread to humans

A

ZOONOTIC INFECTION

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22
Q

a condition or a state of disease that is NOT ACCOMPANIED BY NOTICEABLE or typical clinical symptoms or signs; doesn’t manifest with the usual visible or noticeable symptoms

A

Asymptomatic

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23
Q

a condition or situation in which an individua exhibits NOTICEABLE CLINICAL SYMPTOMS OR
SIGNS of a disease or medical condition

A

Symptomatic

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24
Q

confine with one area

A

LOCAL INFECTION

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25
infections are spreading to other parts
FOCAL INFECTION
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spread throughout the body through blood or lymph
SYSTEMIC INFECTION
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presence of bacteria in blood, invades blood stream without multiplication
BACTEREMIA
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multiplication of the invading bacteria in blood
SEPTICEMIA
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pus forming organism invading bloodstream and become localized at different parts
PYEMIA
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presence of toxins in the blood
TOXEMIA
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initial infection that causes illness
PRIMARY INFECTION
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caused by opportunistic pathogens after the primary infection has weakened the host's immune system
SECONDARY INFECTION
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no noticeable illness
LATENT
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two or more organism
MIXED
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abnormal condition or dysfunction in the body
DISEASE
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occasionally
SPORADIC
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a type of disease caused by the invasion and multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms in the body
INFECTIOUS DISEASE
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spread from person to person
COMMUNICABLE DISEASE
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infectious disease that does not spread from one host to another
NON COMMUNICABLE
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constantly present, localized
ENDEMIC
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affects many people in a short span of time
EPIDEMIC
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disease affecting wide population wide accross large regains worldwide
PANDEMIC
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refers to objective, observable, and measurable manifestation of a medical condition that can be detected by healthcare providers during a physical examination, through laboratory tests,or through imaging studies.
SIGNS
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subjective and are reported by the individual who is experiencing them they are personal experiences or sensations that are not directly observable by others, (Example: pain fatigue, nausea, dizziness, headaches, and feelings of discomfort)
SYMPTOMS
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known as the human microbiota or microbiome, refers to the diverse community o microorganisms that naturally inhabit varioUS surfaces and regions of the human body, both internally and externally
NORMAL FLORA
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refers to the process by which microorganisms, such as bactena, establish and groW in a particular area of the body, often without causing overt disease
COLONIZATION
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time between exposure to a pathogenic organism and the onset of symptoms
INCUBATION PERIOD
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the appearance of the signs and symptoms
PRODROMAL INFECTION
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peak of the characteristic sign and symptoms of and infection
CLINICAL PERIOD
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the sign and symptoms began to subside
DECLINE
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the surviving host is recuperating towards full recovery
CONVALESCENCE
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ability to cause a disease, dosage and virulence factor are inversely proportional
VIRULENCE
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the ability of microorganisms, primarily bacteria and fungi, to synthesize and release poisonous substances called toxins
toxin production
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the enzymes produced by microorganisms and the various factors that influence their activity
ENZYMATIC FACTORS
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the fundamental components and organization of a cell, encompassing its physical parts and their arrangement
Cellular Structure
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Primarily gram positive bacteria, though some gram negative bacteria also produce them
Bacterial Source ( Exotoxins)
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only gram negative bacteria
bacterial source (endotoxin)
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produce inside the bacterial cell and secreted or excreted into the surrounding environment
Location in bacteria ( exotoxin)
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a structural component of the outer membrane of the bacterial cell wall
location in bacteria (endotoxin )
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proteins (polypeptides)
composition (exotoxins)
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Lipoproteins (LPS)
Composition (endotoxin)
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actively secreted by living bacteria. Also released upon cell lysis
mechanism of releases (exotoxin )
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primarily released when the bacteria cell dies and its cells wall breaks apart (cell lysis)". small amounts are shed during growth
mechanism of release (endotoxin )
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they are easily destroyed by the heat
heat stability (exotixin)
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they can withstand high temperatures including autoclaving
heat stability (endotoxin )
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highly toxic and potent, often fatal in very small quantities. they target specific host cells or processes
toxicity (exotoxin)
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moderately toxic, but cab cause life threatening symptoms in large quantities. their effects are systemic and non specific
toxicity (endotoxin )
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they trigget in a strong immune response, leading to the production of antibodies. This property is used to create vaccines
Immunogenicity (exotoxin)
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stimulating a less effectivebimmune response. they do not readily form toxoids for vaccines
Immunogenicity (endotoxin )
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often targets specific tissues or system, causing distinct diseases.
effective on host (exotoxins)
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non specific inflammatory response
Effective on host (endotoxin )
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Microscopic infectious agents that lack cellular structure and can only replicate inside host consists of genetic material (either DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat and sometimes a lipid envelope
VIRUSES
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single-celled microorganisms that lack a nuclear membrane, are metabolically active and divide by binary fission
bacteria
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occur as yeasts, molds, or as a combination of both forms.
fungi
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an organism that lives on or in a host organism and benefits by deriving nutrients at the host's expense
parasites
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Microbiology in relation to disease of human body and animals
Agricultural microbiology
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preparation and preservation of food
daily and food microbiology
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relation to health and sanitation
Sanitary Microbiology
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microbial products usedbin solvents, vitamins, enzymes
Industrial Microbiology
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inheritence of microorganisms
microbial genetics
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the cellular and molecular levels
microbial physiology
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viruses- minute, non cellular particle that parasitize cells
Virology
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parasitic organism
parasitology
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group of eukaryotes that includes both microscopic eukaryotes and larger organisms
MYCOLOGY
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simple photosynthetic eukaryotes, the alge, rnaginh from single celles forms to large seaweeds
Phycology/Alcology
86
study of the protozoa animal like and mostly single celled eukaryotes
protozoology
87
study of microorganisms in their natural habitats
environmental microbiology
88
focuses on the immune system, response to microorganism and how it defends the body against infection
Immunology
MICROBIOLOGY
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