1
Q
Characteristics of Gram-Positive Coccl
A
Round or Spherical in shape
Violet to purple
2
Q
Gram-Positive Coccl
A
Staphylococcus aureus
3
Q
(MOST COMMONY
ENCOUNTERED) CoNS
A
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus haemolyticus
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Staphylococcus lugdunesis
Staphylococcus schleiferi
4
Q
Gram positive cocci (spherical cells) in cluster
A
Staphylococcus species
5
Q
(catalase positive) occurring products (water and oxygen)
A
Staphylococcus species
6
Q
Staphylococcus colonies size, apperance
A
medium sized (4 to 8 mm)
cream-colored, white or rarely light gold,
and “buttery-looking” in 18 to 24 hours
7
Q
clot formed in a tube containing plasma due to
A
staphylocoagulase
8
Q
they also can be occasionally
mistaken for coagulase-positive staphylococcl because
of the presence of ______________
A
- S. lugdunensis and S. schleiferi
-clumping factor
9
Q
MOST COMMON and They are part of the
normal human flora; typically, the skin flora.
A
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus saprophyticus.
10
Q
FREQUENT cause of UTI in adolescent girls and
sexually active young women is the
A
Staphylococcus saprophyticus.
11
Q
Bacterial associated endocarditis after prosthetic heart valve insertion
A
Staphylococcus epidermidis.
12
Q
MOST CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT species in human
A TRUE Coagulase-positive and the most virulent
and deadly species
A
Staphylococcus aureus
13
Q
Transmission of S. aureus
A
Direct contact
14
Q
cutaneous infections and purulent
abscesses; such infections can progress to deeper
abscesses involving other organ systems and produce
A
bacteremia and septicemia.
15
Q
most common disease of s. aureus
A
folliculitis, boils, carbuncles, impetigo
16
Q
causes hemolysis leading to anemia; uses iron for microbial growth; extracellular proteins
A
Hemolysin
17
Q
the predominant hemolysin produced by S. aureus; destroys RBC, platelets, macrophages and causes severe tissue damage
A
Alpha hemolysin (PFT)
18
Q
aka” Sphingomyelinase C or
Hot Cold Hemolysin acts on sphingomyelin in the
plasma membrane of erythrocytes; Responsible
for CAMP assay effectiveness
A
Beta hemolysin
19
Q
found in S. aureus and some CONS; destroys RBC and may be associated with antimicrobial activity
A
Delta hemolysin
20
Q
found only in association with Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL).
A
Gamma hemolysin
21
Q
an exotoxin that attacks and kills WBC (PMN, macrophages, and monocytes); it also suppresses phagocytosis
A
Leukocldin or Panton - Valentine
22
Q
RESPONSIBLE FOR NECROTIZING SKIN AND SOFT
TISSUE INFECTIONS
SEVERE CUTANEOUS
NECROTIZING PNEUMONIA
A
Leukocldin or Panton - Valentine
23
Q
exotoxin stable to heat even af 100 degrees
Celsius for 30 minutes
A
Heat - stable Enterotoxins
24
Q
is also associated with _______________ found in
contaminated milk products
A
- Enterotoxin B
-pseudomembranous enterocolitis
25
a severe and often fatal disorder characterized by multiple organ dysfunctions
Enterotoxin F or Pyogenic Toxin
26
TSST-1 belong to a class of polypeptides known as
superantigens
27
potent activators of
lymphocytes stimulating the production of large
amount of cytokines
superantigens
28
A serine - based protease that cleaves the
intracellular bridges of the epidermis and causes
extensive sloughing of the epidermis resulting to
burn - like effect on the patient
Exfoliatin A
29
MOST COMMON in NB and infants
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome
or SSSS otherwise known as Ritter's disease
30
heat stable
Exfoliatin toxin A
31
considered as heat labile
Exfoliatin toxin B
32
formation of large blisters
impetigo
33
can coat neutrophil preventing
phagocytosis; fibrin layer is formed around the
infection site thereby preventing phagocytosis
Coagulase
34
2 types of Coagulases:
Cell bound or clumping factor
Unbound or free coagulase
35
cell - wall bound factor which clots pig, human and rabbit plasma by converting fibrinogen to fibrin
Cell bound or clumping factor
36
extracellular in nature which clots incubated plasma upon contact with bacterial cell
Unbound or free coagulase
37
breaks down hyaluronic acid (by hydrolysis) of connective tissues resulting in the spread of bacteria, hence the term SPREADING FACTOR, T FACTOR or the DURAN - REYNAL FACTOR
Hyaluronidase
38
Enhances invasion and survival of pathogen
Hyaluronidase
39
Stimulates fibrinolytic
activity (plasminogen to plasmin activation)
dissolving fibrin clots
Staphylokinase/Fibrinolysin
40
produced by both coagulase-positive and coagulase-negative staphylococci.
Lipase (Fat-splitting enzymes)
41
destroys DNA and lowers the viscosity of exudates
giving the pathogen more mobility
Deoxyribonuclease (DNase) and Phosphatase
42
surface protein that binds to the Fe portion of IgG
antibodies, essentially turning the antibody
"backward."
Protein A/Polysaccharide A
43
CUTANEOUS INFECTIONS
(SKIN AND WOUND INFECTIONS)
Folliculitis
Furuncles (Boils) (pigsa)
Carbuncles
Impetigo
44
filled surrounded by necrotic tissues
and damaged leukocytes
Usually pus -
45
inflammation of hair follicle or oil gland
Folliculitis
46
progression of folliculitis;
large, raised and superficial abscess
Furuncles
47
cluster of boils: usually with fever
and chills indicating that
the infection has spread
systematically or in the Blood
Carbuncles
48
superficialcutaneous lesions with
vesicles surrounded by a red border commonly found in children:
Impetigo
49
do not cause any detectable odor or change
n the appearance or taste of the food
Food Polsoning
50
occur in menstruating women who
use tampons; overgrowth of S. aureus with TSS toxins
responds with a sharp drop in blood pressure that deprives he organs of oxygen and can lead to death.
Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)
51
An exfoliative type of dermatitis that occurs
primarily in newborns and previously healthy children
Scalded Skin Syndrome
52
occurs secondary to influenza virus infection; usually characterized by multiple abscesses and focal lesions in the pulmonary parenchyma
Staphylococcal pneumonia
53
leading secondary pneumonia and endocarditis has
been observed among intravenous drug users
Staphylococcal bacteremia
54
occurs as manifestation secondary to bacteremia; the infection develops when the organism is present in a wound or other focus of infection and gains S. capitis entrance into the blood
Staphylococcal osteomyelitis
55
Part of the normal flora of the skin
Common Blood culture contaminant
Staphylococcus epidermidis
56
based infections (catheterization, medical implantation, and immunosuppressive therapy)
Nosocomial/latrogenic
57
Grows on MSA but no fermentation
Staphylococcus epidermidis
58
MOST COMMON CAUSE OF PROSTHETIC HEART
VALVE ENDOCARDITIS
Staphylococcus epidermidis
59
cause of COMMMUNITY ACQUIRED - UTI
AMONG SEXUALLY ACTIVE YOUNG WOMEN AND IN
OLDER WOMEN WITH INDWELLING CATHETERS
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
60
S. saprophyticus
may be found in low numbers ____________ but still considered as SIGNIFICANT
<10,000 colony
61
it is RESISTANT TO
NOVOBIOCIN and does not ferment glucose
anaerobically
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
62
Infections can be community or hospital
Staphylococcus lugdunensis
63
Gives off POSITIVE CELL BOUND COAGULASE
(CLUMPING FACTOR) but NEGATIVE FREE
COAGULASE
Staphylococcus lugdunensis
64
the best sample; purulent exudates,
and joint fluids, avoid using single swab for
multiple
Aspirate
65
glistening surface.
an entire edge, a soft buttyrous
consistency and an opaque,
pigmented - aureus ________
(yellow) staphyloxanthin; Nutrient Agar
66
with beta hemolysis (especially if SBAP or
RBAP is used) after 18-24 hours
of incubation at 35° C to 37° C
Blood Agar Plate
(BAP)
67
General Culture Media
Sheep Blood Agar
(SBA)
68
StaphyloCOCCUS aureuS
becomes ______________ when
culture plate is inverted over
ammonia for a minute or so
bright pink
69
Mannitol Fermenter (changes pH) like S.
aureus
Yellow colonles:
70
Can produce hemolytic zones
around the colonies and may
rarely exhibit pigment production
(yellow) with extended incubation
Staphylococcus aureuS
70
Non-Mannitol Fermenters like S. epidermidis
(non-hemolytic) and S. saphrophyticus
Red/Pink colonles:
71
Small to medium sized, nonhemolytic gray to white coloni some are weakly hemolytic
Staphylococcus
epidermidis
72
Forms slightly larger colonies with
about 50% of the strains producing
a yellow pigment
StaphylocOcCUs
saprophyticus
73
Produced medium sized colonies
with moderate or weak hemolysis
and variable pigment production
StaphyloCOCCUS haemolyticus
74
Often hemolytic and medium
sized, although small colony
variants can occur
Staphylococcus
lugdunensis
75
differentiate staphylococcus from streptococcus
Catalase Test
76
Reagent of catalase test (gram + cocci)
3% H202 (Aerobic) 15% H202 Anaerobic
77
Positive result of catalase test (gram + cocci)
Bubble formation or effervescence
78
Blochemical Test for Staphylococcus
Catalase Test
Coagulase Test
Oxidase Test
Oxidation–Fermentation Test
DNAse Test
Novobiocin Susceptibility Test
Gelatin Liquefaction/Hydrolysis Test
Pyrrolidonyl Arylamidase (PYR test)
Vogue-Proskauer (VP) test
79
quality control of catalase test (gram + cocci)
positive - s.aureus
negative - streptococcus pyogenes
80
differentiate S. aureus from other Staphylococci
spp. like S. epidermidis and S. saprophyticus
coagulase test (slide or tube method)
81
Reagent of coagulase test (gram + cocci)
Rabbit plasma/ Human plasma
82
expected result of coagulase test (gram + cocci)
Positive: Clot of any size (A,
left side) and (B, left side)
Negative: No clot (A, right
side) and (B, right side)
83
Quality Controlof coagulase test (gram + cocci)
Positive: StaphylocOCCUS aureus
Negative: StaphylococCUS
epidermidis
84
differentiate gram-positive, catalase-positive cocci (micrococci from staphylococci)
Oxidase Test
85
indophenol oxidase other name
detects the enzyme cytochrome c oxidase
86
Reagent of oxidase test (gram + cocci)
Kovács oxidase
87
Positive result of oxidase test (gram + cocci)
blue to purple-blue color
88
Negative result of oxidase test (gram + cocci)
No color change
89
Quality Control (gram + cocci)
Positive: Micrococcus luteus
Negative: Staphylococcus aureus
90
differentiate microorganisms
(Staphylococci vs. Micrococci)
Oxidation – Fermentation Test
91
Closed = (+) yellow:
Fermentative
92
Open = (+) yellow;
Oxidative
93
If both (+)
Staphylococci
94
If Closed is (-) and Open is (+)
Microcосcaceae
95
used to determine a
microorganism's ability to produce the S
extracellular enzyme deoxyribonuclease (DNase)-
a virulence marker
DNAse Test
96
Quality Control of DNase Test (gram + cocci)
Positive: Staphylococcus aureus
Negative: Escherichia coli
97
differentiates Staphylococcus
saprophyticus from other Coagulase-Negative
Staphylococci (CoNS)
Novobiocin Susceptibility Test
98
disk diffusion assay
modified Kirby-Bauer method
99
is placed on an agar plate heavily
inoculated with the test organism, creating a
lawn of confluent growth
100
Interpretation of result of novobiocin test (gram + cocci)
Susceptible(S): zone diameter >16 mm
Resistant (R): zone diameter ≤16 mm
101
Staphylococcus sp., Enterobacteriaceae,
and some gram-positive bacilli
Gelatin Liquefaction/Hydrolysis Test
102
produce and secrete an exoenzyme
called
gelatinase
103
breaks the peptide bonds within the large, complex
gelatin molecule called
hydrolysis
104
reagent of hydrolysis test (gram + cocci)
12% Gelatin Medium (Tube)
Stabbing method Incubated at 35°C for 16-18
hours
105
Interpretation of results of hydrolysis test (gram + cocci)
Positive Result: Liquefaction (Partial or Total)
Negative Result: Complete solidification of the tube
106
Quality Controlof results of hydrolysis test (gram + cocci)
Positive: Bacillus subtilis
Negative: Escherichia coli
107
differentiate S. aureus (negative) from S.
lugdunensis, S. intermedius, S. schleiferi (positive)
Pyrrolidonyl Arylamidase (PYR test)
108
is hydrolyzed to pyrrolidone and
Bnaphthylamine, which combines with pdimethylaminocinnamaldehyde to
form a red compound
109
S. aureus (positive) from S. ntermedius (negative)
Vogue-Proskauer (VP) test
110
positive result is the formation of ________ from
glucose or pyruvate
acetoin
111
VP positive Staphylococcі:
Staphylococcus lugdunensis
Staphylococcus haemolyticus
* Staphylococcus schleiferi
112
reagent of MSA
Phenol Red
113
MANNITOL
FERMENTERS producing acid
Staphylococci
114
fermentation of Mannitol
gives off
YELLOW COLOR
115
positive result of mannitol fermentation
Yellow colored S. aureus
colonies or colonies surrounded
by yellow color
116
negative result of mannitol fermentation
Red: Non MSA fermenter
117
gives off black colonies of S. aureus
tellurite glycine agar
118
119
polymyxin sensitivity test s aureus
resistan
120
vp test positive - pink color acetoin
pink color acetoin
121
dnase test reagent
DNA Methyl Green
MICROBIOLOGY
flashcards
Decks in class (17)
# Cards
-
DIAGNOSTIC88
-
4,5,6,7,8 QUIZ169
-
QUIZ 9-1371
-
HISTOPATHOLOGY37
-
REVIEW 14-1776
-
18-21103
-
22-2484
-
ORAL EXAM 12-23165
-
MIDTERM STAPH122
-
MICROCOCCUS12
-
STREPTOCOCCUS23
-
PREFINAL (PAGE 1-5)143
-
PREFINAL PAGE 9- 1275
-
BRUCELLA TO BORDETELLA85
-
NON FERMENTATIVE GRAM NEGATIVE BACILLI44
-
PREFINAL PART 1187
-
PREFINAL PART 2131
