2B.11C

Question 1

What is sustainable management

Answer 1

Sustainable management
is designed to cope with future threats
(increased storm events,
rising sea levels)
but its implementation can lead to local conflicts in many countries

Question 2

Summarise the problem in male, maldives regarding dealing with threats to the coastline

Answer 2

• Some threats to coastlines are bigger, i.e. sea-level rise, storm surges
  -These threats need bigger-scale solutions – i.e. abandoning the coastline or whole islands
• But this can be the opposite of what people want and creates social justice issues – i.e. why should they have to move

Question 3

How do people feel in male maldives,

Answer 3

• Urban areas and tourism are given high priority (think how expensive the ‘Maldives paradise’ is to visit!)
• Traditional income (fishing) and mangroves are given low priority
• Different trades will find it difficult if nothing is done!

Question 4

What current problem is maldives having with protecting all islands

Answer 4

• 97% of the country is threatened by SLR / floods
• Money is spent protecting Male and Hulhumale (two main populated islands)
• Fewer people on other islands and nothing on most-isolated islands

Question 5

What solutions does maldives have

Answer 5

• ‘Mangroves for the future’ – helping community maintain swamps to act as defences
• ‘Global Environment Facility GEF Grants’ – small grants for islanders to develop organic farming (new food sources
  Japanese: planting mangrove nurseries
  Only protect the most populated islands!

Question 6

What is the natural culture in french polynesia

Answer 6

• Flyfishing – bonefish, in warm tropical saltwater. Fast swimming, big gain.
• Flyfishers come from all over the world, along with hotel developers…

Question 7

What is the historical context of french polynesia

Answer 7

• French territory, but semi-autonomous. As France has stepped back – islands are part of the Pacific Islands Forum.
• 10% of the population are Chinese, exporting pearls to Hong Kong.
• French-P wants to be a tourist attraction to China

Question 8

Physical context of french polynesia

Answer 8

• Volcanic archipelago in the Pacific Ocean.
• Isolated islands, endemic species. Some invasive species
• CC: coral bleaching, and sea-level rise will inundate the island.
• Tropical cyclones are rare, but devastating.

Question 9

What is the protected culture of french p

Answer 9

• Pearl cultivation and coconut producers: young people are reluctant to join in – 3,500 have left for Tahiti, leaving 500 villages in Tukuora.
• Fly-fishing… but are they over-fishing? Fish traps were placed in spawning zones – preventing reproduction of the bonefish population.

Question 10

Describe the isladn initiative NGO

Answer 10

• Developing sustainable economic activities to keep young people.
• Funded by NZ businessmen (fly-fisherman), e.g. local school set up an Education Managed Marine Area and organising petitions to change flyfishing habits.
• Food security is now better; children have different attitudes.

Question 11

What is french polynesia

Answer 11

e.g kiribati, french polynesia

Question 12

What is the enviro refugee strategy

Answer 12

Move to New Zealand, but will they be accepted?
Can you have Environmental refugees – does climate change (storms / sea level rise / land degradation) threaten the life of people on Pacific SIDS?