2B.12C

Question 1

What can policy decisions lead to

Answer 1

conflicts between different players
(homeowners, local authorities, environmental pressure groups)
with perceived winners and losers

Question 2

Who are general winners

Answer 2

• Those who remain financially stable (property, business or customer base is safe)
• Socially (communities and services remain in place)
• Environmentally (wildlife habitats are conserved

Question 3

Who are the general losers

Answer 3

• People who are likely to lose property, or have to relocate and see their community split up (loss of social networks).
• Removal/change in service provision (transport, leisure) – may impact custom for businesses.
• Destruction of wildlife habitats (or even unintentional disruption)

Question 4

In developing countries who loses

Answer 4

• Poorest people (stand to lose everything!)
• Farmers and residents who lack any formal land ownership
• Less environmental rights campaigners

Question 5

What losses happen in developing countries

Answer 5

• Lack of compensation packages available for those who lose property or have to be relocated.
• Increased pressure (stress) on coastlines as a result of rapid coastal development / urbanisation.
• Fast tourist development means management can’t keep up – leads to haphazard construction of defences and less holistic consideration.
• Fewer resources mean less resistant structures in place.
• Funding dependent on loans and grants.

Question 6

Why do erosion rates tend to be faster

Answer 6

• Tropical cyclone frequency
• Upstream Dam development on major rivers for energy (reduces sediment supply)
• Removal of mangrove forests for firewood and shrimp practices (reduces stability)