3 - HISTOPATH TECHNIQUES INTRO

Question 1

Branch of pathology that examines tissues and cells microscopically to diagnose diseases and understand underlying structural changes

Answer 1

histopathology

Question 2

Process that deals with preparation of tissues for microscopic examination

Answer 2

histopathologic techniques

Question 3

Fresh tissue examination advantage that tissue is examined in the living state allowing observation of cellular motion

Answer 3

motion

Question 4

Fresh tissue examination advantage that tissue is examined in the living state allowing observation of cellular reproduction

Answer 4

mitosis

Question 5

Fresh tissue examination advantage that tissue is examined in the living state allowing observation of cell eating activity

Answer 5

phagocytosis

Question 6

Fresh tissue examination advantage that tissue is examined in the living state allowing observation of cell drinking activity

Answer 6

pinocytosis

Question 7

Major disadvantage of fresh tissue examination where tissues are not permanent and liable to develop postmortem changes

Answer 7

non permanence of fresh tissue

Question 8

Removal of a tissue sample from a living organism for microscopic examination to diagnose disease

Answer 8

biopsy

Question 9

Biopsy method that is simplest least invasive and uses the smallest needle to remove cells from an abnormal area

Answer 9

fine needle aspiration

Question 10

Biopsy method that removes not only cells but also a small core of surrounding tissue providing more information about the lesion

Answer 10

core needle biopsy

Question 11

Biopsy method where the doctor slices into the lesion and removes only a portion taking more surrounding tissue but not the entire lesion

Answer 11

incisional biopsy

Question 12

Consequence of a cancer diagnosis after incisional biopsy often requiring further surgery to remove entire lesion

Answer 12

excision of entire lesion

Question 13

Biopsy method that removes the entire area in question

Answer 13

excisional biopsy

Question 14

Primary technique for obtaining diagnostic full thickness skin specimen using a circular blade that yields a 3 to 4 mm cylindrical core

Answer 14

punch biopsy

Question 15

Biopsy technique that uses a circular blade rotated through epidermis dermis and into subcutaneous fat to obtain a cylindrical core

Answer 15

punch biopsy

Question 16

Biopsy method where small fragments of tissue are shaved from a surface

Answer 16

shave biopsy

Question 17

Sampling method where tissue is scooped or spooned to remove growth from body cavity such as endometrium or cervical canal

Answer 17

curettings

Question 18

Patient position during biopsy when lying face upward

Answer 18

supine position

Question 19

Patient position during biopsy when lying face downward

Answer 19

prone position

Question 20

Fresh tissue examination method where tissue is immersed in isotonic salt solution dissected or separated and examined under the microscope

Answer 20

teasing or dissociation

Question 21

Fresh tissue examination method where tiny tissue pieces on a slide are forcibly compressed with another slide or coverslip and vital dyes are applied at junction

Answer 21

squash preparation or crushing

Question 22

General type of diagnostic examinations where smearing techniques are especially useful particularly for cancer diagnosis

Answer 22

cytological examinations

Question 23

Smearing technique using an applicator stick or platinum loop applied in a direct or zigzag line

Answer 23

streaking

Question 24

Smearing technique where material is transferred to a clean slide and gently teased into a moderately thick film recommended for fresh sputum bronchial aspirates and thick mucoid secretions

Answer 24

spreading

Question 25

Smearing technique where two slides are pulled apart in a single uninterrupted motion useful for thick secretions such as serous fluid concentrated sputum enzymatic lavage samples and blood smear

Answer 25

pull apart

Question 26

Smearing technique where freshly cut tissue is brought into contact and pressed on a clean glass slide

Answer 26

touch preparation

Question 27

Section technique normally used when a rapid diagnosis of a questioned tissue is required

Answer 27

frozen section

Question 28

Technique in which tissue is rapidly frozen at minus 20°C then cut and stained for rapid diagnosis especially in intraoperative pathology

Answer 28

frozen section

Question 29

Recommended condition of tissue sent for frozen section in the laboratory

Answer 29

fresh and unfixed tissue

Question 30

Application of frozen section used to give rapid pathologic diagnosis during surgery

Answer 30

intraoperative rapid diagnosis

Question 31

Application of frozen section in diagnostic and research studies of enzymes

Answer 31

enzyme histochemistry

Question 32

Application of frozen section for demonstration of lipid containing fat cells and carbohydrates

Answer 32

lipid and carbohydrate demonstration

Question 33

Application of frozen section involving immunofluorescent and immunohistochemical staining

Answer 33

immunofluorescent and immunohistochemical studies

Question 34

Application of frozen section involving some specialized silver stains particularly in neuropathology

Answer 34

neuropathology silver staining

Question 35

Precaution that laboratory workers must always be informed ahead about incoming frozen sections

Answer 35

prior laboratory notification

Question 36

Precaution that tissue must be dealt with urgently upon arrival in the laboratory for frozen section

Answer 36

urgent tissue handling

Question 37

Requirement that freezing apparatus remain on all the time to maintain minus 20°C

Answer 37

cryostat continuously on

Question 38

Embedding medium commonly used for frozen sections

Answer 38

optimum cutting temperature compounds

Question 39

Most commonly used method of freezing in histochemistry and intraoperative procedures and the most rapid agent

Answer 39

liquid nitrogen freezing

Question 40

Freezing method that is excellent for muscle tissue

Answer 40

isopentane freezing

Question 41

Freezing method commonly used in cold knife procedure

Answer 41

carbon dioxide gas

Question 42

Freezing method used for freezing small pieces of tissue except muscle

Answer 42

aerosol spray

Question 43

Frozen section method using a cold knife in a controlled cold environment

Answer 43

cold knife procedure

Question 44

Recommended knife temperature range in cold knife frozen section

Answer 44

knife temperature minus 40 to minus 60°C

Question 45

Recommended tissue temperature range in cold knife frozen section

Answer 45

tissue temperature minus 5 to minus 10°C

Question 46

Recommended environment temperature range in cold knife frozen section

Answer 46

environment temperature 0 to minus 10°C

Question 47

Refrigerated apparatus used in fresh tissue microtomy consisting of an insulated rotary microtome in a refrigerated chamber at about minus 20°C

Answer 47

cryostat

Question 48

Optimum working temperature range of the cryostat

Answer 48

minus 18 to minus 20°C

Question 49

First major step in routine tissue processing

Answer 49

fixation

Question 50

Optional step in tissue processing required for bone or calcified tissues

Answer 50

decalcification

Question 51

Tissue processing step that removes water from tissues

Answer 51

dehydration

Question 52

Tissue processing step that replaces dehydrating agent with a medium miscible with paraffin

Answer 52

clearing

Question 53

Tissue processing step where tissues are penetrated by paraffin or other medium

Answer 53

infiltration or impregnation

Question 54

Tissue processing step where infiltrated tissue is oriented and surrounded by embedding medium to form a block

Answer 54

embedding

Question 55

Process of removing excess paraffin from a block to expose tissue before sectioning

Answer 55

trimming

Question 56

Process of cutting thin slices of embedded tissue using a microtome

Answer 56

sectioning or cutting

Question 57

Process of applying dyes to tissue sections to differentiate structures

Answer 57

staining

Question 58

Process of placing stained tissue sections under a coverslip with mounting medium on a slide

Answer 58

mounting

Question 59

Process of writing identifying information on slides after preparation

Answer 59

labelling

Question 60

Process of identifying specimen without writing the patient name on the specimen tag

Answer 60

numbering

Question 61

Specimen prefix used in numbering to indicate surgical specimen

Answer 61

S

Question 62

Specimen prefix used in numbering to indicate autopsy specimen

Answer 62

A

Question 63

Specimen prefix used in numbering to indicate cytology specimen

Answer 63

C

Question 64

Element in numbering system that indicates year usually in two digits

Answer 64

year code

Question 65

Writing instrument recommended for labelling specimen containers and slides

Answer 65

pencil