MTAP - HTMLE > 6 - IMPREGNATION > Flashcards

6 - IMPREGNATION Flashcards

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1
Q

Process in which clearing agent is completely removed from tissue and replaced by a medium that fills all tissue cavities

A

impregnation

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2
Q

Alternative term for impregnation highlighting fluid entering tissue spaces

A

infiltration

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3
Q

Recommended volume of impregnating medium at least twenty five times the volume of the tissue

A

impregnating medium to tissue ratio

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4
Q

Recommended impregnation temperature of two to five degrees Celsius above the melting point of wax

A

impregnation temperature above wax melting point

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5
Q

Process also known as casting blocking or molding in which impregnated tissue is positioned in a mold and medium is allowed to solidify

A

embedding

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6
Q

Recommended embedding temperature of five to ten degrees Celsius above the melting point of wax

A

embedding temperature above wax melting point

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7
Q

Process of arranging tissue in precise position in mold during embedding on microtome before cutting and on slide before staining

A

orientation

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8
Q

Step considered the most important in embedding

A

orientation step

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9
Q

Routine impregnating medium used for most tissues

A

paraffin wax

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10
Q

Impregnating medium recommended for tough tissues

A

celloidin wax

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11
Q

Impregnating medium used when dehydration is to be avoided such as in histochemistry and enzyme studies

A

gelatin

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12
Q

Impregnating medium class used for electron microscopy

A

plastic

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13
Q

Simplest most common and best embedding medium for routine tissue processing

A

paraffin wax

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14
Q

Typical melting point of paraffin wax used for routine work at about fifty six degrees Celsius

A

routine paraffin melting point

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15
Q

Paraffin melting point range recommended when laboratory is at twenty to twenty four degrees Celsius

A

fifty four to fifty eight degrees Celsius

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16
Q

Paraffin melting point range recommended when laboratory is at fifteen to eighteen degrees Celsius

A

fifty to fifty four degrees Celsius

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17
Q

Requirement that paraffin should be pure and free from dust water droplets and other foreign matter

A

purity requirement for paraffin

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18
Q

Instruction that fresh wax should be filtered before use in a wax oven at two degrees Celsius above its melting point

A

pre use filtration of wax

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19
Q

Practice of melting and filtering wax trimmed away from impregnated tissue using coarse filter paper such as Green number nine zero four

A

recycling trimmed wax

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20
Q

Method of removing water from paraffin wax by heating to one hundred to one hundred five degrees Celsius

A

dehydration of paraffin wax

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21
Q

Guideline that paraffin wax may be reused only twice before fresh wax must be used

A

reuse limit of paraffin

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22
Q

Manual impregnation method using at least four paraffin changes at fifteen minute intervals totaling about sixty minutes

A

manual paraffin impregnation schedule

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23
Q

Manual embedding time of approximately three hours to ensure complete casting of tissue

A

manual embedding time

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24
Q

Automatic tissue processing method using twelve processing steps including fixation dehydration clearing and infiltration

A

automatic tissue processing

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25
Recommended wax bath temperature for automatic processing at three degrees Celsius above wax melting point
automatic wax bath temperature
26
Advantage of automatic processor providing constant agitation
constant agitation advantage
27
Impregnation method using negative atmospheric pressure of about four hundred to five hundred millimeters mercury in an embedding oven to remove air and hasten impregnation
vacuum embedding
28
Vacuum embedding recommendation for urgent biopsies and delicate tissues such as lung connective tissue decalcified bone eye spleen and central nervous system
indications for vacuum embedding
29
Method of paraffin impregnation that gives the fastest results among the three methods
vacuum impregnation speed
30
Effect of vacuum embedding reducing required impregnation time to about twenty five to seventy five percent of normal
time reduction in vacuum impregnation
31
Precaution during vacuum embedding of lung pieces because rapid air evacuation can rupture alveoli and mimic emphysema microscopically
lung precaution in vacuum embedding
32
Recommended temperature for vacuum embedding of two to four degrees Celsius above wax melting point
vacuum embedding temperature
33
Highly purified paraffin and synthetic plastic polymer mixture used as substitute for paraffin wax with melting point fifty six to fifty seven degrees Celsius
paraplast
34
Tissue type for which paraplast is recommended especially large blocks such as bone and brain
paraplast indications
35
Synthetic wax similar to paraplast with melting point fifty six to fifty eight degrees Celsius less brittle and less compressible
embeddol
36
Semisynthetic wax recommended for embedding eyes
bioloid
37
Paraffin product containing rubber with properties similar to paraplast
tissue mat
38
Wax with lower melting point of forty six to forty eight degrees Celsius that is harder than paraffin and soluble only in ninety five percent ethanol
ester wax
39
Property of ester wax allowing use without prior clearing of tissue specimen
ester wax no clearing requirement
40
Water soluble wax composed of plastic polymers mostly polyethylene glycols with melting points between thirty eight and forty two or forty five and fifty six degrees Celsius
water soluble wax
41
Processing modification when using water soluble wax where dehydration and clearing are skipped
skipped dehydration and clearing with water soluble wax
42
Most commonly used water soluble wax brand
carbowax
43
Major disadvantage of carbowax that it dissolves during flotation making sections unable to be floated on water
carbowax flotation problem
44
Solution containing diethylene glycol distilled water and strong formaldehyde used for floating carbowax sections
Pearse solution
45
Solution containing gelatin and potassium dichromate used for floating carbowax sections
Blank and McCarthy solution
46
Substance dimethyl sulphoxide added to proprietary blends of plastic polymer paraffin waxes
dimethyl sulphoxide additive
47
Purified nitrocellulose form soluble in many solvents used for celloidin impregnation
celloidin
48
Indications for celloidin including large hollow organs hard and dense tissues such as bone and teeth and large tissue sections of whole embryo
celloidin indications
49
Chelloiding method where tissue blocks are stored in seventy to eighty percent alcohol to avoid dehydration and shrinkage until cutting
wet celloidin method
50
Indications for wet celloidin including bones teeth large brain sections and whole organs
wet celloidin indications
51
Celloidin method preferred for whole eye sections
dry celloidin method
52
Mixture of equal parts chloroform and cedarwood oil added to celloidin blocks before hardening to make tissue transparent
Gilson mixture
53
Storage medium used instead of seventy percent alcohol before cutting in dry celloidin method
Gilson mixture storage
54
Low viscosity nitrocellulose that is soluble in equal parts ether and alcohol with lower viscosity allowing higher concentration and rapid penetration
low viscosity nitrocellulose method
55
Impregnation method rarely used except when dehydration is to be avoided and tissues are for histochemical and enzyme studies
gelatin impregnation
56
Indications for gelatin impregnation including delicate specimens and frozen sections
gelatin indications
57
Recommended volume of gelatin at least twenty five times the tissue volume
gelatin to tissue ratio
58
Recommended tissue thickness for gelatin impregnation not more than two to three millimeters
tissue thickness for gelatin
59
Additive at one percent phenol used to prevent mold growth in gelatin blocks
phenol in gelatin
60
Embedding approach essential for cutting ultrathin sections for electron microscopy with minimal distortion
plastic embedding
61
Plastic resin class used extensively for high resolution light microscopy and undecalcified bone
acrylic plastics
62
Epoxy plastic resins mixed with catalysts and accelerators used for embedding
epoxy plastics
63
Examples of epoxy resins including bisphenol A also known as araldite glycerol based epoxy such as Epon and cyclohexene dioxide such as Spurr
epoxy resin examples
64
Adjustable mold made of two L shaped brass strips on a metal plate used to fit specimen size
Leuckhart embedding mold
65
Embedding unit composed of interlocking plates on a flat metal base
compound embedding unit
66
Embedding system using stainless steel base mold fitted with plastic embedding ring
plastic embedded ring and base mold
67
Disposable thin plastic embedding molds available in various sizes known as peel away
peel away molds
68
Plastic ice tray molding option recommended for busy routine laboratory
plastic ice tray molds
69
Paper containers used for embedding celloidin blocks and also suitable for paraffin blocks
paper boats
70
Embedding method in which tissue is first infiltrated with celloidin and then embedded with paraffin
double embedding method
71
Indication for double embedding to facilitate cutting of large blocks of dense firm tissues such as brain
double embedding for brain
72
Use of double embedding for making small sections from existing celloidin blocks
double embedding for celloidin blocks
73
Recommended fixative volume of ten to twenty times tissue volume
tissue to fixative ratio
74
Recommended decalcifying agent volume of at least twenty times tissue volume
decalcifying agent to tissue ratio
75
Recommended dehydrating agent volume of at least ten times tissue volume
tissue to dehydrating agent ratio
76
Recommended clearing agent volume of at least ten times tissue volume
tissue to clearing agent ratio
77
Recommended impregnating agent volume of at least twenty five times tissue volume
tissue to impregnating agent ratio
78
Definition of trimming as process of removing excess wax after embedding
trimming
79
Requirement that tissue block be surrounded by at least two millimeters of wax after trimming
wax margin thickness
80
Example manual processing schedule including ten percent buffered formalin for twelve to twenty four hours as fixation
manual fixation time
81
Example manual dehydration schedule using seventy percent alcohol ninety five percent alcohol and one hundred percent alcohol each for two hours
manual dehydration time
82
Example manual clearing schedule using xylene or toluene for one hour
manual clearing time
83
Example manual impregnation schedule using paraffin wax in four changes at fifteen thirty forty five and sixty minutes totaling sixty minutes
manual paraffin impregnation schedule
84
Example manual embedding period using paraffin wax for about three hours
manual paraffin embedding period
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