MTAP - HTMLE > 8 - STAINING > Flashcards

8 - STAINING Flashcards

(104 cards)

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1
Q

Process of applying dyes to sections to visualize and study tissue architecture and cell characteristics

A

staining

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2
Q

Staining group where tissue constituents are colored by direct interaction with dyes or staining solutions

A

histological staining

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3
Q

Staining group where tissue constituents are localized microscopically through chemical reactions

A

histochemical staining

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4
Q

Staining group combining immunologic and histochemical techniques to detect phenotypic markers using polyclonal or monoclonal fluorescent or enzyme labeled antibodies

A

immunohistochemical staining

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5
Q

Staining method using aqueous or alcoholic dye solutions directly on sections

A

direct staining

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6
Q

Staining method where dye action is intensified by adding a mordant that links tissue and dye

A

indirect staining

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7
Q

Substance serving as bridge between tissue and dye to enable staining reaction including phosphotungstic acid iron lead aluminum molybdenum and copper

A

mordant

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8
Q

Slow ripening method for hematoxylin by exposing to air or sunlight taking three to four months

A

natural ripening

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9
Q

Rapid ripening method using chemical oxidizing agents such as sodium iodate hydrogen peroxide iodine mercuric oxide and potassium permanganate

A

artificial or chemical ripening

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10
Q

Effect of basic pH accelerating hematoxylin oxidation process

A

basic pH ripening effect

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11
Q

Effect of acid pH slowing hematoxylin oxidation process

A

acid pH ripening effect

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12
Q

Most useful mordants for hematoxylin being salts of aluminum iron and tungsten

A

common hematoxylin mordants

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13
Q

Hematoxylin type most frequently used in hematoxylin and eosin stain

A

aluminum alum hematoxylin

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14
Q

Hematoxylin stain for regressive staining using sodium iodate and potassium alum

A

Ehrlich hematoxylin

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15
Q

Hematoxylin stain for exfoliative cytology using mercuric oxide and potassium alum

A

Harris hematoxylin

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16
Q

Hematoxylin stain sequence with celestine blue using alcoholic iodine and potassium alum

A

Cole hematoxylin

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17
Q

Hematoxylin for mucin staining using sodium iodate and potassium alum

A

hematoxylin for mucin

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18
Q

Progressive nuclear counterstain hematoxylin using potassium iodate and potassium alum

A

progressive hematoxylin counterstain

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19
Q

Hematoxylin type used only for regressive staining with iron mordants

A

iron hematoxylin

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20
Q

Iron hematoxylin stain for muscle and connective tissue using ferric chloride

A

Heidenhain iron hematoxylin

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21
Q

Hematoxylin type used only for progressive staining with tungsten mordant

A

tungsten hematoxylin

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22
Q

Tungsten hematoxylin stain phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin for structures in paraffin sections using potassium permanganate and one percent phosphotungstic acid

A

phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin

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23
Q

Copper hematoxylin used for study of spermatogenesis

A

copper hematoxylin

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24
Q

Vegetable dye from lichens that becomes blue or violet when treated with ammonia and air exposure

A

orcein

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25
Old dye from female cochineal bug Coccus cacti treated with alum to produce carmine used for glycogen
cochineal dye carmine
26
Dye derived from dried stigmata of saffron crocus flower Crocus sativus
saffron
27
Synthetic dyes also called coal tar dyes derived from benzene hydrocarbon collectively known as aniline dyes
synthetic dyes
28
Synthetic dyes where coloring agent is in the acid component such as picric acid and eosin
acid dyes
29
Synthetic dyes where coloring substance is in the basic component such as methylene blue
basic dyes
30
Synthetic dyes formed by combining basic and acid dyes such as Giemsa and Leishman
neutral dyes
31
Chemical group in dyes responsible for producing visible colors called chromogens when not permanent
chromophore
32
Chemical group added to chromogen enabling color retention in tissues
auxochrome
33
Dye structure consisting of auxochrome and chromophore attached to benzene ring
complete dye molecule
34
Most widely used histological stain for microanatomical studies using regressive staining
hematoxylin and eosin staining
35
Fixative incompatibility in hematoxylin and eosin staining where osmium tetroxide inhibits hematoxylin
osmium tetroxide incompatibility
36
Surface sheen on hematoxylin solution indicating need for filtration
oxidized dye sheen sign
37
Most valuable nuclear stain in histology that attaches to DNA sulfate groups staining nucleus blue to black
hematoxylin
38
Most widely used cytoplasmic stain in routine section staining xanthene dye
eosin
39
Most widely used eosin type eosin yellowish water soluble
eosin Y
40
Eosin type ethyl eosin alcohol soluble
eosin S
41
Rarely used eosin bluish erythrosin B
eosin B
42
Nuclear stain in hematoxylin and eosin staining
primary stain hematoxylin
43
Cytoplasmic stain in hematoxylin and eosin staining
eosin counterstain
44
Nuclear structures stained blue to black by hematoxylin
acidic or basophilic structures
45
Cytoplasmic structures stained pink by eosin
basic or acidophilic structures
46
Fixative exception in hematoxylin and eosin staining where Flemming fluid inhibits hematoxylin
Flemming fluid incompatibility
47
Primary stain used in routine hematoxylin and eosin
Harris hematoxylin
48
Most important step in regressive hematoxylin and eosin staining involving hydrochloric acid in alcohol
acid alcohol differentiation
49
Acid used in acid alcohol differentiator combined with alcohol
hydrochloric acid
50
Agent used to convert red stained nuclei to blue for better contrast
blueing agent
51
Common blueing agents including Scott tap water ammonium hydroxide lithium carbonate and zero point five percent ammonia water
blueing agent list
52
Secondary stain applied after hematoxylin in hematoxylin and eosin
eosin
53
Nuclear stain dye used in hematoxylin and eosin formula
hematoxylin
54
Solvent used to dissolve hematoxylin dye in the formula
absolute ethyl alcohol
55
Mordant combined with hematoxylin in the formula
ammonium or potassium alum
56
Solvent used to prepare hematoxylin solution
distilled water
57
Ripening agent added to hematoxylin solution
mercuric oxide
58
Glacial acetic acid function in hematoxylin and eosin formula
enhances nuclear staining
59
First deparaffinization reagent used for five minutes
xylene
60
Second deparaffinization reagent used for three minutes
xylene
61
Reagent used for three minutes to remove xylene after deparaffinization
acetone alcohol
62
Reagent used to begin hydration process after acetone alcohol
acetone
63
First hydration alcohol used after acetone
alcohol ninety five percent
64
Second hydration alcohol used after ninety five percent alcohol
alcohol eighty percent
65
Third hydration alcohol used after eighty percent alcohol
alcohol seventy percent
66
Fourth hydration alcohol used after seventy percent alcohol
alcohol fifty percent
67
Rinse used before staining after hydration series
distilled water
68
Primary nuclear stain used for five minutes
hematoxylin
69
Rinse performed immediately after hematoxylin staining
water
70
Decolorizing agent used for one quick dip
acid alcohol
71
Blueing agent used after acid alcohol differentiation
ammonia water
72
First dehydration alcohol used for eight minutes after blueing
alcohol eighty percent
73
Cytoplasmic counterstain used for three minutes
eosin
74
First dehydration alcohol used after eosin counterstain
alcohol ninety five percent
75
Second dehydration alcohol used after first ninety five percent alcohol
alcohol ninety five percent
76
Third dehydration alcohol used after second ninety five percent alcohol
alcohol ninety five percent
77
Dehydrating solvent used after alcohol series
acetone
78
Intermediate clearing reagent used after acetone
acetone xylol
79
First xylene clearing reagent used after acetone xylol
xylene one
80
Final xylene clearing reagent used before mounting
xylene two
81
Hematoxylin and eosin structure staining dark blue
karyosome
82
Hematoxylin and eosin structure staining light blue to dark blue
cartilage
83
Hematoxylin and eosin structures staining pink
decalcified bone osteoid collagen muscle fiber
84
Hematoxylin and eosin structures staining bright orange to red
red blood cell eosinophil granules keratin
85
Hematoxylin and eosin structures staining purplish pink
calcium calcified bone
86
Hematoxylin and eosin structures staining purplish blue
plasma cells osteoblast basophilic cytoplasm
87
Silver impregnation method for reticulin fibers staining black
Gomori
88
Silver impregnation method for melanin and argentaffin cell granules staining black
Masson Fontana
89
Silver impregnation method for fungi staining black
Grocott methenamine silver
90
Silver nitrate method for calcium staining black
Von Kossa
91
Method for elastic fibers staining black
Verhoeff
92
Silver impregnation methods for spirochetes staining black on yellowish background
Levaditi Warthin Starry modified Steiner Steiner
93
Iodine method staining mahogany brown
Langhan
94
Method for glycogen staining red or magenta
Periodic acid Schiff
95
Method for glycogen staining bright red
Best carmine
96
Method for collagen staining red
Verhoeff Van Gieson
97
Method for triglycerides lipids staining red
Sudan IV
98
Method for Mycobacterium leprae other mycobacteria and Nocardia staining red
Wade Fite
99
Trichrome method for collagen staining blue
Masson
100
Papanicolaou method for Doderlein bacilli staining blue
Papanicolaou
101
Method for elastic fibers staining blue black
Weigert
102
Phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin method for muscle striations staining dark blue
Mallory
103
Method for basic proteins histones protamines staining green
alkaline fast green
104
Papanicolaou method for Trichomonas staining blue green
Papanicolaou
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