3.3

Question 1

Muscle tissue arises from

Answer 1

embryonic mesenchyme

Question 2

muscle tissue cells contain

Answer 2

actin and myosin the link and slide to allow muscles to shorten and thicken during contraction

Question 3

muscle cell contraction in skeletal muscles is stimulated by

Answer 3

neurotransmitter release from nerve cells at neuromuscular junctions

Question 4

Calcium is release from

Answer 4

storage into the cytoplasm, tiggers muscle contraction

Question 5

muscle tissue is specialized for

Answer 5

contraction

Question 6

what are the three types of muscle tissue

Answer 6

-skeletal and cardiac
- smooth muscle

Question 7

skeletal muscle tissue
-where its attached and what it does
-striated or not
-how many nuclei and where is the location of the nuclei

Answer 7

-attaches to bones where it contracts to allow for skeleton movement
- striated and multinucleate
-nuclei are at the cell periphery

Question 8

Is skeletal muscle voluntary or involuntary

Answer 8

voluntary

Question 9

Cardiac muscle tissue
-where its attached and what it does
-striated or not
-how many nuclei and where is the location of the nuclei

Answer 9

• found in the heart
  -contracts to pump blood through blood vessels
  -Striated and branched
• single nucleus that is located centrally

Question 10

how are cardiac tissue cells connected

Answer 10

junctions called intercalated discs that allow communication between cells to coordinate contraction

Question 11

is the contraction of cardiac muscle voluntary or involuntary

Answer 11

involuntary

Question 12

Smooth muscle tissue
-where its located
-striated or not
-voluntary or involuntary

Answer 12

-found within blood vessels, intestines, and organs
-unstriated which allows for tissue to contract in multiple directions
-involuntary

Question 13

hypertophy

Answer 13

when muscle cells are consistently challenged, each fiber grows

Question 14

atrophy

Answer 14

when muscle cells are not challenged, fibers may shrink

Question 15

Neural tissue

Answer 15

contains cells specialized to conduct electrical impulses

Question 16

Electrical impulses in neural tissue rely on

Answer 16

the exchange of sodium and potassium across the cellular membrane to generate action potentials

Question 17

what is the major consumer of cellular ATP

Answer 17

resetting the na and k concentrations across the membrane

Question 18

in a cell membrane what is the extracellular and intacellular charge

Answer 18

extracellular = positive
intracellular = negative

Question 19

neuron

Answer 19

electrically functional cells of the nervous system

Question 20

functions of the neuroglia cells include

Answer 20

-insulating the neuron axon in myelin to speed up transmission of action potentials
-forming the blood-brain barrier
-patrolling as immune cells

Question 21

where are neurons and neuroglia found

Answer 21

• brain
  -spinal cord
  -and peripheral nerves

Question 22

neuroglia

Answer 22

surrounds the neuron cells bodies

Question 23

neuron cells

Answer 23

receive information at the cell body, brought to it through the dendrites

Question 24

cell body

Answer 24

integrates the information brought in through different dendrites to decide on an action

Question 25

action potential is created

Answer 25

created when stimulation arrives through the dentrite and a signal is initiated

Question 26

What is an action potential

Answer 26

is a change in electrical charge that travels away from the cell body along the axon

Question 27

synapse

Answer 27

-neuron axon ends here -allows for communication with muscles, glands, and other neurons

Question 28

neurotransmitters

Answer 28

release by the synapses and carries a signal to the post-synaptic cell

Question 29

how often do neuron cells divide

Answer 29

rarely

Question 30

how often do glial cells divide

Answer 30

often

Question 31

Hyperplasia

Answer 31

overgrowth of normal cells

Question 32

dysplasia

Answer 32

overgrowth of abnormal cells (not cancer)

Question 33

metaplasia

Answer 33

cells become a type of cell they were not originally

Question 34

what are the two main processes of cell death

Answer 34

apoptosis and necrosis

Question 35

apoptosis

Answer 35

cells release organized apoptotic bodies that are not inflammatory

Question 36

necrosis

Answer 36

cell death is unorganized and draws an inflammatin response