1. Standing upright, facing forward 2.Feet shoulder width and parallel 3. Toes forward 4. Upper limbs held out at the sides with palms facing forward

Unit 1 Flashcards by Shelby Knox

Anatomical position

Standing upright, facing forward
2.Feet shoulder width and parallel
Toes forward
Upper limbs held out at the sides with palms facing forward

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Anatomical right

The persons right

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Plane

Imaginary cut though the body to make sections

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Sagittal plane

Divides left from right

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Midsagittal plane

Divides left from right but directly in the middle

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Frontal or coronal plane

divides front and back

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Transverse plan

dives the body into upper and lower

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Posterior Cavities

Cranial cavity and vertebral cavity

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Cranial cavity

encloses the brain within the skull

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Vertebral cavity

encloses the spinal cord within the vertebrae

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Anterior cavities

Abdominal, thoracic and pelvic cavity

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Thoracic cavity

enclosed by the ribs and the diaphragm at the chest

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Abdominal cavity

belly region

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Pelvic Cavity

enclosed by the hip bones and contains the reproductive organs as well as the bladder and rectum

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Pericardial Cavity

formed by a membrane system that encloses the heart

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Pleural cavity

membrane encloses each lung

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What organs are in the Abdominal cavity

Stomach, intestines, liver, and pancreas

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Right upper quadrant (RUQ)

liver, gallbladder, right kidney, part of the large intestine

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Left upper quadrant (LUQ)

stomach, spleen, left kidney, and part of the large intestine

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Left Lower quadrant (LLQ)

part of the small intestine and descending large intestine

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Right lower quadrant (RLQ)

parts of the small intestine, ascending large intestine and the appendix

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Peritoneal membrane

supports the abdominal organs

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Prone

face down

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supine

face up

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front

ventral

front

posterior

back

dorasal

back

Superior

closer to the top of the head

Cranial

closer to the top of the head

Inferior

closer to the feet

caudal

closer to the tail/tailbone

lateral

to the side, vertically

medial

to the midline vertically

Proximal

near the attachment point to the trunk

Distal

farther from the attachment point of the trunk

superficial

close to the body surface

deep

farther from the body surface

Frons or frontal

forehead

Cranium or cranial

skull

facies

face

Oris

mouth

Mentis or mental

chin

axilla or axillary

armpit

Brachium or brachial

arm

Antecubitis or antecubital

Front of elbow

Antebrachium or antebrachial

forearm

carpus or carpal

wrist

Pollex

thumb

palma or palmar

palm

digits or phalanges

fingers and toes

patella or patellar

knee cap

crus or crural

leg

Tarsus or tarsal

ankel

Hallux

Great/big toe

pes or pedal

foot

Femur or femoral

thigh

inguen or inguinal

groin

pelvic

pelvis

coxal

hip

Umbillicus or umbilical

navel

abdominal

abdomen

mamma or mammary

breast

thorcis, thorax, or thoracic

chest

crevices or cervical

neck

Nasus

nose

auris or otic

ear

bucca or buccal

cheek

oculus, orbital, ocular

eye

Acromial

shoulder

dorsum

back

Olecranon or olecranal

back of elbow

lumbus, loin or lumbar

lower back

sacrum/ sacral

back of the pelvis

manus or manual

hand

Gluteus

buttock

popliteus

back of knee

sura

calf

calcaneus or calacneal

heel of foot

planta

sole of foot

cephalon or cephalic

head

Anatomy

Study of the structure

Physiology

Study of the function

Macroscopic

Structures and functions that are observable or measurable at the whole body

Microscopic

structures and functions that are observable or measurable at the cellular

Levels of organization

Organ systems -> organs -> tissues -> cells -> Organelles -> moleculses -> atoms

Integumentary system

skin, hair, and nails

Integumentary system functions

Protect the body from infection and fluid loss and assist in temperature regulation

What is the largest system of the body

Integumentary system

Skeletal system

Bones and cartilage

Skeletal system functions

-Support and protect the softer body tissues - Provide levers for muscle movement - servea as a storage site for calcium

Muscular system

Muscles and tendons

Muscular system functions

- Movement of the skeleton -internal propulsion of substances through the intestines, blood vessels and urinary tract - it is also the main system responsible for the generation of body heat

Nervous system

brain, spinal cord, and nerves

Nervous sytem functions

-Monitor and respond to the environment - Coordinate conscious memories and plans

Endocrine system

hormone releasing glands

Endocrine system functions

- Coordinate internal homeostasis - Provide for the timing and progress of reproduction

Cardiovascular system

Heart blood vessels, and blood

Cardiovascular system functions

Transpot metabolic nutrients and gases

Lymphatic system

lymph vessels, lymph nodes, and white blood cells

Lymphatic system functions

Regulate fluid balance and monitor the body for signs of infection

Respiratory System

lungs, bronchi, and trachea

Respiratory system functions

Ensures adequate gas exchange occurs to support metabolism

Digestive system

stomach, intestines, and liver

Digestive system functions

supply nutrients to the body and eliminate solid wastes

Urinary system

kidneys, bladder, ureters, and urethra

Urinary system functions

- filter bloods -maintain fluid balance - eliminate liquid wastes

Reproductive system

ovaries, testes, uterus, and supporting glands

Reproductive system functions

-Provide a mechanism to pass on the genes to the offspring - Provide structural support during fetal development

Homeostasis

ensures maintenance of a range of relative consistent internal body conditions

Importance of homeostasis

Keeps the body within optimal metabolic conditions for enzyme function

Hypothalamus

area of the brain that is the control and integration center for many body homeostatic processes

The hypothalamus monitors

body temperature and also processes such as hunger and thirst

Effectors

causes an effect

Receptors

Monitor body conditions and transmit the information to control centers

negative feedback

The response works to reverse the change

positive feedback

If a response is amplified instead of reversed

two main examples of positive feedback

blood clotting and childbirth

Unit 1 Flashcards

(118 cards)