4.11

Question 1

Regeneration of urban place: Salford quays why?

Answer 1

• formerly part of Manchester docklands which closed in 1982 due to containerisation and global shipping changes
• over 3000 dock workers lost their jobs leading to widespread poverty and unemployment
• left behind derelict land
• by 1990s the area suffered from high crime, poor health, low education levels

Question 2

Methods used in regeneration of Salford quays

Answer 2

• water ways cleaned and oxygenated to allow wildlife and recreation
• £550 million mediacity opened and featured major development housing BBC, ITV etc
• development of the imperial war museum, the quays shopping and leisure
• extensive housing developments including homes, apartments and student accommodation
• metro link tram extension to improve connectivity

Question 3

Salford quays regeneration positives

Answer 3

• over 26,000 jobs supported
• average salaries increased
• 250+ companies moved there
• average attainments rose by 65%
• crime rate fell by 25%

Question 4

Salford quays regeneration negatives

Answer 4

• Almost a third of Salford’s existing population live in highly deprived areas
• 10,500 people live in places of extreme deprivation in Salford
• new housing is not affordable to the majority (gentrification)
• employment opportunities not always accessible to original working class residents
• In 2012, it was reported that only 24 of the 680 new jobs at the BBC in Salford had gone to local people

Question 5

Salford quays stakeholders - city council

Answer 5

• view the job creation of Salford Quays as successful
• but may not be pleased that the IMD Ranking has got worse

Question 6

Salford quays stakeholders - existing residents

Answer 6

• welcome the new affordable housing development at Pendleton and the improved environment
• but will be displeased by all the extra traffic congestion and the new unaffordable housing

Question 7

Salford quays stakeholders - local businesses

Answer 7

• welcome the increasing population of wealthier, younger people to boost profits
• but not if their business has had to relocate due to the regeneration

Question 8

National gov viewpoint, role and success measures

Answer 8

• viewpoint: Resolving conflicts over regeneration
  Prioritising national goals e.g. attracting TNCs to deindustrialised areas
  Reduced dependency on benefits
• role: Planning permission
  Pump priming to start large national developments
• success measures: Levels of internal and international migration to fill job vacancies
  Increased levels of regional gross value added (GVA)

Question 9

local gov viewpoint, role and success measures

Answer 9

• viewpoint: Tackling inequality in the communities
  Balance out the economic, social and environmental needs of an area
  Portraying a positive external image to attract investment
• role: Small or local regeneration schemes
  Strategies to help regeneration e.g. alcohol free zones, city centre ambassadors
• success measures: Census data
  IMD data trends
  Job creation numbers
  Amount of derelict land regenerated

Question 10

local residents viewpoint, role and success measures

Answer 10

• viewpoint: Better housing and community facilities
  Improved environment
  More job opportunities
  Maintain the level of ‘community spirit’
• role: The silent majority may be represented by a few residents, who willingly give up time to voice opinions on regeneration
  Lobby councils
  Vote for local and national political parties
  Form pressure groups
• success measures: Rising incomes
  Improved health and life expectancy
  Increased access to services
  Harder to measure the level of community spirit before and after regeneration

Question 11

local business viewpoint, role and success measures

Answer 11

• viewpoint: Some business owners will boost income through regeneration
  Other business owners may feel threatened by new businesses opening up in the area
• role: Lobby councils
  Invest in schemes
• success measures: Changes in profit
  Hiring rates of new employees
  Increased population, especially the young

Question 12

Developers viewpoint, role and success measures

Answer 12

• viewpoint: Economic standpoint: profit is essential
  With no lived experience of the place, the emotional attachment is minimal
  These viewpoints could lead to high rental values
• role: Funding of schemes
• success measures: Amount of profit made
  Value of the shares
  Increase in land value
  Increase in property prices