4.8

Question 1

What are local governments role in regeneration

Answer 1

• create attractive business environments, such as science and technology parks, which attract:
• Domestic investors from within the UK
• Foreign investors from overseas
• Highly skilled workers

Question 2

What is a science park and their purpose

Answer 2

• designated areas created to promote innovation and act as hubs for advances in high technology e.g. pharmaceuticals, cyber-engineering
• They are intended to:
• Support regeneration in economically depressed regions and cities of the UK by attracting new businesses and start-ups, which promotes economic growth
• Encourage the start-up and development of innovation-led, high-growth knowledge-based business
• Provide an environment where international businesses can develop links with universities and higher education institutes
• Raise the value of the business located there, as well as the income of people working there

Question 3

local governments influencing regeneration - Cambridge science park

Answer 3

• has over 150 companies located there from start ups to global firms: astrazenceca and huawei
• pharmaceutical, Al and technology companies
• has office spaces, laboratories, meeting hubs, gyms, cafes and green spaces
• close ties to the university of Cambridge
• accelerated development of housing, transport and education
• attracts domestic and international investment

Question 4

Role of local interest groups: examples of groups

Answer 4

• local council: have high power locally and can allocate budgets and planning applications etc but can be overruled by national government
• chamber of commerce: try to persuade local and national governments to invest in infrastructure, education and skills training
• trade unions: work to ensure that employers consider the rights and needs of workers in regeneration plans
• local preservation societies: aim to ensure that the regeneration and development does not lead to negative local consequences

Question 5

Role of local interest groups: London Olympic Games

Answer 5

• Olympic park covers parts of east London
• needs regeneration as high levels of deprivation, large amounts of industrial wasteland, high unemployment
• built on 560 acres of brownfield land
• Investment in the London Olympic Games boosted the UK’s economy by £9.9 billion

Question 6

Role of local interest groups: conflicts over London Olympic Games

Answer 6

• 450 residents evicted
• east end community and culture lost
• gentrification increased rents: To live in the Olympic area after the Games, people needed to earn between £60,000 - £90,000 per year but the average income for local residents was approximately £27,000
• Many Olympic-related jobs were temporary construction jobs, few went to local people, despite high unemployment rates in the area

Question 7

Retail led regeneration

Answer 7

• development of retail centres
• Provides a wide variety of jobs to people of different backgrounds and ages
• Boosts local spending as the centres contain cinemas, gyms, and restaurants, which can be used outside the traditional shopping hours
• Often built on disused industrial land eg TRAFFORD CENTRE

Question 8

Why might retail led regeneration be needed

Answer 8

• The increase in retail centres, which are usually located on the outskirts of settlements
• The rapid growth of internet shopping

Question 9

What is tourism led regeneration

Answer 9

• brings money into the area and provides a flow of culture and positive media attention
• Individual households offering AirBnB
• Custom-built private centres e.g. Center Parcs
• Entire settlements devoted to tourism
  Eg Glastonbury,Estonia super mare

Question 10

What is leisure and sport led regeneration

Answer 10

• allows for community integration and social wellbeing
• Hosting large sporting events can enhance the image of a place and attract tourists to the sporting events e.g World Cups, the Olympic Games
• The media coverage before and during such events helps put the place on an international stage, which can attract more inward investment
• Investing in new facilities means that local people will benefit from this regeneration after the event, such as new buildings and transport infrastructure
  2012 LONDON OLYMPICS

Question 11

What is rural diversification

Answer 11

• Over 60% of UK farms have diversified
• Farms may start to produce and sell speciality cheeses, farm unusual animals, or even convert their buildings for other uses (e.g. galleries, farm shops)
• The most common forms of diversification are:
  Renewable energy (29%)
  Property letting (15%)
  Holiday lets (12%)

Question 12

Powys rural diversification

Answer 12

• in 2011 very deprived area
• regeneration project unded by the Welsh government and the EU
• Uses local knowledge of the value of a place to promote grassroots, community-led rural development
• Between 2011 and 2013:
  Grants of over £4 million helped 310 businesses and community projects across Powys
  Created 36 full-time jobs
  Safeguarded 80 more jobs
• Between 2014 and 2020, a further £3.75 million was secured for projects aimed at:
  Developing renewable energy
  Encouraging local creative industries, which celebrated traditional Welsh crafts
  Investing in fast broadband connections, which enabled people to work from home