1
Q
What is regeneration
A
The log term upgrading of existing places or more drastic renewal schemes
2
Q
Classifying economic activity: primary sector - 4.1
A
- Extracting raw materials from ground or sea
- involves mining or farming
3
Q
Classifying economic activity: secondary sector - 4.1
A
- manufacturing and processing the raw materials into goods
4
Q
Classifying economic activity: tertiary sector - 4.1
A
- provisional sectors such as retail jobs
5
Q
Classifying economic activity: quaternary sector - 4.1
A
- high tech research and design
6
Q
Classifying economic activity: quinary sector - 4.1
A
- the highest levels of decision making in an economy
- eg government officials
7
Q
🌍 variations in pay and life expectancy in London vs north east - 4.1
A
- London is more tertiary and quaternary sector - average wage of £44,370
- north east is more secondary and tertiary - average wage is £31,000
- QoL varies with male life expectancy in London being - 80
- average male life expectancy in north east is - 63
8
Q
What are the different functions - 4.2
A
- administrative
- commercial
- retail
- industrial
9
Q
What is gentrification - 4.2
A
- the arrival of wealthier people in an urban ditrsict which causes increases in rents, property values and changes to the areas culture
10
Q
🌍 gentrification and function change in Nine Elms - 4.2
A
- pre regeneration it was an industrial brownfield site with low population and derelict land
- now its a high end residential and commercial space with rapid population growth and luxury apartments
- Local residents have lower incomes and employment levels compared to those moving into the luxury apartments leading to gentrification and displacement of long term communities
11
Q
What are the reasons for a change in function - 4.2
A
- physical factors: accessibility, connectedness
- historical planning
- local and national planning
12
Q
🌍 Physical factors changing a place - 4.2
A
- proximity to large cities can cause change in an areas economic importance
- Milton Keynes is located 50 miles from London and has direct train services to London, Birmingham and Manchester
- turned it from undeveloped farm land to a residential commuter city
13
Q
🌍 historical planning changing a place - 4.2
A
- previous development and knowledge of locals mean that areas are more suited towards an industry
- the redevelopment of Milton Keynes has turned it from a quiet residential area area to a major business centre with Santander and network rail HQing there
14
Q
🌍 Government planning changing the function of a place - 4.2
A
- government planning can increase or limit growth in an area
- government planning and investment changes Milton Keynes from a rural area into a modernised town with business activity and transport links
- the lack of planning in Middlesbrough has excaberbated the consequences of deindustrialisation with 20,000 people migrating out since 1990
15
Q
Index of multiple deprivation - 4.2
A
- an index that attempts to quantify deprivation in England by using 7 different domains with different weighting
- splits England into 33,000 small areas with 1500 people in each
- income
- employment
- education
- health
- crime
- barriers to housing and services
- living environment
16
Q
🌍 regional and national influences on Worcester
A
- influenced by industrial hubs like Birmingham
- motorway and rail connections so is a popular commuter city
- historical significance promotes funding
17
Q
🌍 regional and national influences on watchet
A
- shaped by its rural and coastal environment
- seaside destination plays an important role in its economy
- less integrated transport networks
18
Q
🌍 global influences on watchet
A
- port became obsolete due to competition from abroad
- second home ownership has increased due to globalisation
- beach attracts global tourists
19
Q
🌍 global influences on Worcester
A
- job losses due to offshoring
- migration especially from Poland and Romania
- university attracts international students
- global retail chains dominate
- sift to online shopping means a declining high street
20
Q
🌍 reasons for regeneration in Worcester
A
- declining footfall in the city centre
- poor use of brownfields and underutilised riverside land
- need to modernise infrastructure
- desire to attract investment
21
Q
🌍 cathedral plaza regeneration
A
- £20 million investment in the redevelopment project
- revamped shopping and leisure spaces
- new restaurants, gym etc
- boosted footfall and improved visitor experience
22
Q
🌍 diglis basin regeneration
A
- development of over 450 new homes
- creation of cafes, restaurants and offices
- construction of the diglis bridge (pedestrian and cycle) promoting connectivity
23
Q
🌍 positives of regeneration on Worcester
A
- revitalised city centre
- improved public spaces increasing tourism
- new housing developments helping to meet local demand
- economic diversification
24
Q
🌍 negatives of regeneration on Worcester
A
- risk of gentrification and rising property prices especially in diglis
- some areas eg Blackpole still face deprivation
- reliance on external investment
25
🌍 reasons for regeneration in watchet
- loss of key industries leading to unemployment and economic downturn
- underutilised harbour and brownfield sites
- need to revitalise the town economy through promoting tourism
26
🌍 east quay development
- funded by a £5 million grant and a £1.5 million loan
- features include art galleries, workshops, restaurants and holiday pods
- aims to create 200 jobs and attract an additional 100,000 visitors
27
🌍 watchet esplanade enhancement
- improvements include new paving, seating, lighting and the planting of eight oak trees
- the area now hosts markets and live performances
28
🌍 positives of regeneration on watchet
- diversification of the local economy through tourism and the arts
- job creation and increased visitor numbers
- enhanced community facilities and public spaces
29
🌍 negatives of regeneration on watchet
- ongoing concerns about coastal erosion
- balancing tourism with the preservation of local character
- increasing house prices
30
🌍 a successful place: San Franciscos functional and demographic changes
- function changes: people with lower paying creative jobs are being forced out and replaced by engineers and people in tech. Used to be a post-industrial city now a global tech and innovation hub home to apple, facebook, google etc
- demographic changes: net increase of around 7000 people a year, people moving in tend to be younger white or Asian, people moving out tend to be less educated, older, African American and Hispanic, was 13% African American in 1970 now its less than 6%
31
🌍 a successful place: San Francisco strengths
- apple, facebook and twitter are based there
- considered the global hub for tech
- 87% of the population have access to high speed internet
- among the highest gdp in US
- 2% unemployment
32
🌍 a successful place: San Francisco limitations
- extremely high cost of living
- median family house price is over $1.5 million
- high taxation rates
- one of the highest homelessness rates in US
- decreasing diversity
33
🌍 unsuccessful regions: rust belt
- once the worlds biggest industrial region with coal
- due to the global shift high unemployment
- high income primary and secondary jobs replaced with low wage tertiary jobs
- population decline led to brain drain
- crime and dereliction
- low spending revenue for local government
- however low land prices could promote investment and regeneration
34
Variations in voter turnout - 4.5
in the 2015 general election
- 78% of over 65s voted
- 43% of 18-24
- only 55% of those in ethnic minority groups chose to vote
- those in managerial positions was 75%
- those in manual labour was 57%
- turnout was lowest in deprived areas
35
Things that impact levels of engagement
Lived experience: how a persons life perspective is formed from their past experiences
Lived experience can be impacted by
- age
- gender
- ethnicity
- length of residence
- deprivation levels
36
Regeneration causing conflicts: studentification
- process in which neighbourhoods become dominated by student residential occupations causing a change in function
- younger students bring anti social behaviour
- conversion of family homes into student accommodation
- increased pressure on local services
- increase demand for local businesses
- cultural exchange
37
Regeneration causing conflicts: sink estates
A sink estate is a housing estate with high levels of social deprivation, crime, unemployment, and poor-quality housing.
38
Regeneration causing conflicts: sink estates (lower Falinge)
- located in Rochdale housing around 1,000 people
- consistently ranked as one of the most deprived areas in the UK
Conflicting views on its future
- local council wants it demolished and some residents from surrounding areas
- some think its outdated
- an asylum seeker finds it nice
- it feels like home to many
Regenerating Places
flashcards
Decks in class (16)
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