Sport And Exercise Science > 🧠 5. group dynamics > Flashcards

🧠 5. group dynamics Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a group?

A

A collection of interacting individuals with shared goals and mutual influence

Groups can vary in size and purpose, but they share common objectives.

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2
Q

What is a team?

A

A group that must interact to achieve shared objectives with structured roles and identity

Teams are characterized by their interdependence and collaboration.

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3
Q

What 4 characteristics distinguish a team from a group?

A
  • Collective identity
  • Distinct roles
  • Structured communication
  • Norms

These characteristics help define the dynamics and effectiveness of teams.

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4
Q

True or false: All teams are groups, but not all groups are teams.

A

TRUE

This highlights the specific nature of teams compared to general groups.

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5
Q

What does linear theory suggest about group development?

A

Groups develop in stages

This theory outlines a sequential process of group evolution.

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6
Q

What does cyclical theory suggest?

A

Groups repeat stages over time

This indicates that group dynamics can revisit earlier phases.

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7
Q

What does pendular theory suggest?

A

Groups swing between stages like a pendulum

This theory emphasizes the fluctuating nature of group dynamics.

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8
Q

What happens in the forming stage of Tuckman’s model?

A

Familiarisation, comparison, uncertainty (“Do I belong?”)

This stage involves initial interactions and establishing relationships.

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9
Q

What happens in the storming stage?

A

Conflict, resistance, role struggles

This stage is marked by disagreements and challenges to authority.

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10
Q

What happens in the norming stage?

A

Cooperation, unity, resolved conflict

This stage involves team members working together more effectively.

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11
Q

What happens in the performing stage?

A

High performance, clear roles, problem solving

This stage represents the peak of team functionality.

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12
Q

What are the two key elements of group structure?

A
  • Roles
  • Norms

These elements define how a group operates and interacts.

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13
Q

What are formal roles?

A

Assigned roles (e.g. captain, striker)

These roles are typically defined by the organization or team structure.

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14
Q

What are informal roles?

A

Roles that emerge naturally from interaction

These roles can influence group dynamics significantly.

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15
Q

What are examples of informal roles?

A
  • Comedian
  • Spark plug
  • Cancer
  • Enforcer
  • Mentor
  • Informal leader
  • Team player
  • Star
  • Malingerer
  • Social convener

These roles can vary widely and affect group cohesion.

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16
Q

What is role clarity?

A

Understanding your role

Clarity in roles helps reduce confusion and conflict within teams.

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17
Q

What is role acceptance?

A

Accepting your role

Acceptance of roles is crucial for team harmony.

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18
Q

What is role satisfaction?

A

Being happy with your role

Satisfaction with roles can enhance motivation and performance.

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19
Q

What is role conflict?

A

Conflicting expectations or multiple roles

Role conflict can lead to stress and decreased performance.

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20
Q

What are group norms?

A

Accepted standards of behaviour

Norms guide how group members interact and perform.

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21
Q

What is a productivity norm?

A

Expected effort/performance level

Productivity norms set benchmarks for team performance.

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22
Q

What are social/moral norms?

A

Encourage prosocial and discourage antisocial behaviour

These norms help maintain a positive group environment.

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23
Q

What is social support in teams?

A

Emotional reassurance and companionship

Social support enhances team cohesion and morale.

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24
Q

Why is proximity important?

A

Closeness increases interaction

Physical closeness can enhance communication and collaboration.

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25
What is **distinctiveness**?
Shared identity (e.g. kit, rituals) ## Footnote Distinctiveness fosters a sense of belonging among team members.
26
Why is **fairness** important?
Builds trust ## Footnote Fair treatment among team members enhances cooperation.
27
Why is **similarity** important?
Shared attitudes/goals improve cohesion ## Footnote Similarity among members can strengthen team bonds.
28
What is **task interdependence**?
Team relies on each other to succeed ## Footnote High interdependence can enhance collaboration and performance.
29
What is **actual productivity**?
Real team performance ## Footnote This reflects how well a team functions in practice.
30
What is **potential productivity**?
Maximum possible performance ## Footnote This represents the ideal performance level a team could achieve.
31
What reduces **actual productivity**?
Process losses (motivation + coordination) ## Footnote Process losses can significantly impact team effectiveness.
32
What is the formula for actual productivity?
Actual = Potential − Process losses ## Footnote This formula illustrates the impact of inefficiencies on team performance.
33
What is the **Ringelmann effect**?
Individual effort decreases as group size increases ## Footnote This phenomenon highlights challenges in larger teams.
34
Why does the Ringelmann effect occur?
* Motivation loss * Coordination issues ## Footnote These factors contribute to decreased individual contributions in larger groups.
35
What is **social loafing**?
Reduced effort due to diffusion of responsibility ## Footnote Social loafing can hinder team performance and accountability.
36
What types of tasks does **social loafing** occur in?
* Physical * Cognitive * Perceptual * Evaluative ## Footnote Social loafing can manifest in various contexts and tasks.
37
What is the **“free rider” effect**?
Belief effort isn’t needed ## Footnote This effect can lead to decreased motivation among team members.
38
What is **minimising strategy**?
Doing the least possible ## Footnote This strategy can contribute to social loafing in teams.
39
What is **allocation strategy**?
Saving effort for key moments ## Footnote This strategy can lead to uneven contributions among team members.
40
How can **social loafing** be reduced?
* Increase accountability * Emphasise individual importance ## Footnote These strategies can enhance individual contributions in teams.
41
What is **cohesion**? (Carron, 1998)
Dynamic process where a group sticks together to achieve goals and satisfy needs ## Footnote Cohesion is essential for effective teamwork.
42
Why is cohesion **multidimensional**?
Many factors influence it ## Footnote Cohesion is affected by various internal and external elements.
43
Why is cohesion **dynamic**?
Changes over time ## Footnote Cohesion can fluctuate based on group experiences and interactions.
44
What does **instrumental** mean in cohesion?
Task-based reasons ## Footnote Instrumental cohesion focuses on achieving specific objectives.
45
What does **affective** mean in cohesion?
Social/emotional reasons ## Footnote Affective cohesion emphasizes interpersonal relationships within the group.
46
What are **environmental factors**?
External forces (e.g. contracts, location) ## Footnote These factors can impact group dynamics and cohesion.
47
What are **personal factors**?
Individual traits, motives, behaviours ## Footnote Personal factors can significantly influence group interactions.
48
Which personality traits increase **cohesion**?
* Conscientiousness * Agreeableness ## Footnote These traits foster positive interactions and teamwork.
49
Why is **leadership** important for cohesion?
Influences communication, roles, goals ## Footnote Effective leadership can enhance team dynamics and cohesion.
50
What are **team factors**?
Group structure, roles, norms, stability ## Footnote These factors shape how a team operates and interacts.
51
How does **team stability** affect cohesion?
Longer time together → higher cohesion ## Footnote Stability allows for stronger relationships and trust among members.
52
What is **task cohesion**?
Working together to achieve goals ## Footnote Task cohesion focuses on the collective effort towards objectives.
53
What is **social cohesion**?
Liking and bonding between members ## Footnote Social cohesion enhances interpersonal relationships within the team.
54
What are **individual outcomes** of cohesion?
* Satisfaction * Effort * Performance ## Footnote Cohesion positively influences individual contributions to the team.
55
What are **team outcomes** of cohesion?
* Stability * Performance ## Footnote Cohesion contributes to overall team effectiveness and success.
56
What is the **GEQ**?
Questionnaire measuring cohesion ## Footnote The GEQ assesses various dimensions of team cohesion.
57
What are the **4 GEQ dimensions**?
* GI-T (group integration task) * GI-S (group integration social) * ATG-T (attraction to group task) * ATG-S (attraction to group social) ## Footnote These dimensions provide a comprehensive view of team cohesion.
58
What did **Mullen & Cooper (1994)** find?
Positive relationship in 92% of studies ## Footnote This indicates a strong link between cohesion and performance.
59
What did **Carron et al. (2002)** find?
Moderate–large relationship in sport teams ## Footnote Cohesion is particularly important in sports contexts.
60
Which type of cohesion is more important for performance?
Task cohesion ## Footnote Task cohesion is critical for achieving team objectives.
61
Is the relationship between cohesion and performance always positive?
No—can be negative ## Footnote In some cases, high cohesion can lead to groupthink and hinder performance.
62
What is the key debate in **cohesion-performance**?
Does cohesion cause performance or vice versa? ## Footnote This question explores the directionality of the relationship.
63
What factors are linked to **cohesion**?
* Satisfaction * Adherence * Communication * Stability * Goals * Emotions ## Footnote These factors can influence the level of cohesion within a team.
64
What cohesion issue is caused by **cliques**?
Low social cohesion ## Footnote Cliques can create divisions within teams and hinder collaboration.
65
What cohesion issue is caused by **unclear roles**?
Low task cohesion ## Footnote Unclear roles can lead to confusion and decreased effectiveness.
66
What does arguing midfielders suggest?
Poor communication + role conflict ## Footnote This indicates issues within team dynamics that need addressing.
67
What does low attendance suggest?
Low commitment and cohesion ## Footnote Attendance can be a key indicator of team morale and engagement.
68
How do **goals** improve cohesion?
Align team objectives ## Footnote Shared goals foster unity and collaboration.
69
Why is **cooperation** important?
Builds unity ## Footnote Cooperation enhances relationships and team effectiveness.
70
Why is **role clarity** important?
Reduces conflict ## Footnote Clear roles help prevent misunderstandings and disputes.
71
How does **togetherness** improve cohesion?
Strengthens relationships ## Footnote Togetherness fosters a sense of belonging among team members.
72
Why is **distinctiveness** important?
Builds identity ## Footnote Distinctiveness can enhance team pride and cohesion.
73
How can coaches improve cohesion?
* Communicate clearly * Define roles * Set goals * Avoid cliques * Build identity ## Footnote Coaches play a crucial role in fostering team dynamics.
74
What reduces team performance despite talent?
Process losses (e.g. social loafing) ## Footnote Inefficiencies can negate the advantages of individual talent.
75
What is the key to **high-performing teams**?
High task cohesion + good structure + strong leadership ## Footnote These elements are essential for achieving optimal team performance.
76
Why doesn’t **individual talent** equal team success?
Poor coordination and motivation losses ## Footnote Team dynamics are crucial for translating talent into success.
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