SN Physiology Final > 5.1 > Flashcards

5.1 Flashcards

(39 cards)

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1
Q

main Physiological functions of the GI system

A
  1. mechanical
  2. secretion
  3. absorption
  4. excretion
  5. immune
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2
Q

Assimilation of nutrients

A
  1. AA, monosacarides, FA
  2. Fluids
  3. Electrolytes
  4. Trace elements
  5. Vitamins
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3
Q

Digestion is composed of:

A
  1. Mechanical disruption

2. Chemical degragation

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4
Q

How does the GI tract serves the Assimilation of nutrients?

A
  1. Motility
  2. Secretion
  3. Chemiacl digestion
  4. Absorption
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5
Q

STOMACH-

  1. Motility
  2. Secretion
  3. Chemiacl digestion
  4. Absorption
A
  1. Motility= peristaltic mixing
  2. Secretion= HCl, Pepsinogen, Gastric lipase, HCO3-, Gastrin, Histamin
  3. Chemiacl digestion= Proteins, fats
  4. Absorption= Alcohol, Aspirin
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6
Q

Role of Spincters?

A
  • They maintain positive pressure in their lumens

- Regulate the caudal movement of bowel

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7
Q

Accsessory glands?

A

salivary
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas

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8
Q

Paneth cells release?

A

Antimicrobial peptides

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9
Q

GALT components

A

Paneth cells

Payer’s patches

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10
Q

whos responsible for chewing and swallowing?

A

CNS

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11
Q

Submucosal plexus=

A

meissner’s

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12
Q

ENS from where to where?

A

lower 1/3 of esophagus until outer rectal spincter

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13
Q

ENS local control on?

A
  • motility
  • secretion
  • blood flow
  • immune responce
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14
Q

types of ENS neurons

A

Afferent neurons
Interneurons
Efferent neurons

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15
Q

Efferent neurons of ENS innervates

A
  1. Enteric smooth muscle
  2. Interstitial cells of Cajal
  3. Epithelial cells
  4. Endocrine and paracrine cells
  5. Vascular cells
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16
Q

Autonomic NS Parasympathetic division

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A
  1. Vagal nuclei

2. Sacral Spinal cord

17
Q

Autonomic NS Sympathetic division

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A

Thoraco-Lumbar region -> Sympathetic Ggl (Celiac, SM, IM)

18
Q

modulation of ENS by Parasympathetic NS

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A

**Preganglionic, cholinergic

Mainly stimulates motility and secretion

19
Q

modulation of ENS by Sympathetic NS

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A
  • *Postganglionic, adrenergic
  • Indirect (suppresses motility and secretion by a2
  • Direct (vessels vasoconstriction and spincter contraction by a1)
20
Q

Excitatory Transmitters of Sensory neurons

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A

ACh
Substance P
CGRP

21
Q

Excitatory Transmitters of Interneurons

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A

ACh
Substance P
ATP
Glu

22
Q

Inhibatory Transmitters of Interneurons

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A

Opioid peptides

SST

23
Q

Excitatory Transmitters of Motorneurons

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A

ACh

Substance P

24
Q

Inhibatory Transmitters of Motorneurons

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A

NO
ATP
VIP
PACAP

25
what is the important of Symp activation of a1 R?
vasoconstriction of blood vessels to limit blood flowinto the GI tract
26
4 GI peptides are classified as hormones:
Gastrin CCK Secretin Glucose-Dependent-Insulinotropic-Peptide
27
what are paracrines?
peptides secreted by endocrine cells of GI | they act locally wuthun the same tissue
28
paracrines of the GI?
Somatostatins- Inhibatory actions throughout the GI | **also Histamine, but its not a peptide
29
Neuorocrine substance of the GI?
``` ACh NE VIP NO GRP substance P ```
30
Gastrin action
- H+ secretion by gastric Parietal cells | - Growth of the Gastric Mucose
31
what cell secrete Gastrin?
G cells in the antrum of the stomach
32
CCK (CholeCystoKinin) aim
Fat digestion and absorption
33
what cell secrete CCK?
I cells in duodenum and jejunum In response to FA and AA
34
CCK action
1. Gallbladder contraction 2. Pancretic enzyme secretion 3. HCO3- secretion from pancreas 4. Growth of exocrine pancreas and Gallbladder 5. Inhibition of gastric emptying
35
Glucose-Dependent-Insulinotropic-Peptide secreted by?
K cells in duodenum and jejunum in response to allllll nutrients glucos AA FA
36
major phisyologic action of Glucose-Dependent-Insulinotropic-Peptide
stimulation of Insulin secretion
37
Secretin is secreted by?
S cells of Duodenum in response to H+ and FA in the lumen of the small intestine
38
Function od Secretin?
Promote the secretion of pancreatic and biliary HCO3- which neutraliza H+ in the lumen of the small intestine
39
which cells secrete SST?
D cells of the GI in response to decreased luminal pH
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