What is a damper, what do you do if it fails?
makes small rudder inputs to counteract yaw oscillations—also known as Dutch roll
Slow down. A failed yaw damper can lead to Dutch roll. Higher speeds would exaggerate the effect.
what is a dutch roll?
The airplane yaws (nose swings sideways) to one side.
As it yaws, the advancing wing travels faster and generates more lift, causing that wing to rise.
The airplane then rolls in the opposite direction, and as it tries to level out, it yaws back the other way.
Why do dutch rolls happen in jets?
Swept wings create strong coupling between yaw and roll: yawing changes airflow over the wings, which immediately affects lift.
Jets typically have high directional stability (due to the large vertical tail) but weaker lateral (roll) damping, so when a yaw starts, the airplane tends to overcorrect and oscillate.
The thin, flexible wings on large transport jets can also delay the natural damping of these oscillations.
What would you do for a forward cabin door open message?
What would you do if at cruise, get a Gen 1 Fault. What are your considerations and What if your APU is MEL’d INOP?
request lower altitude if operation limits exceeded
land asap if APU is MEl
When do you need a Takeoff Alternate?
If weather for takeoff is below landing minimums per the pilots specifications then a takeoff alternate is required:
Two engines: 1 hr from departure at normal cruise , still air, with 1 engine inop.
Three or more engines: 2 hrs from departure at normal cruise speed, still air, one engine inop.
What is a Grid MORA
Grid Minimum Off route Altitude:
The Grid MORA gives the minimum altitude that provides 1,000 feet of obstacle clearance in non-mountainous areas and 2,000 feet in mountainous areas, within each one-degree-by-one-degree grid block on the chart.
not a navigation or communication coverage altitude.
What is OROCA
Off-Route Obstruction Clearance Altitude
Ensures obstruction clearance of 1,000 feet in non-mountainous areas and 2,000 feet in mountainous areas
It does not guarantee NAVAID, ATC, or communication coverage.
OROCA, Grid MORA, MORA?
OROCA, Off-Route Obstruction Clearance Altitude: is used by the FAA Altitude ensuring obstacle clearance within 1° × 1° grid on FAA enroute charts. 1,000′ non-mountainous / 2,000′ mountainous
Grid MORA Grid Minimum Off-Route Altitude : Jeppesen only, Same as OROCA — within each 1° × 1° grid. provides clearance 1,000′ non-mountainous / 2,000′ mountainous
Route MORA Minimum Off-Route Altitude: Jeppesen only, The MORA provides clearance from known obstructions within 10nm of the route centreline including a 10nm radius at the ends of the route segment.
You’re holding at the end of an arrival how much fuel for hold
Fuel onboard: 7,000 lbs
Fuel burn: 6,000 lbs/hour (100 lbs/min)
Alternate: 20 minutes away
Reserve: 45 minutes
Burn: 0 min x 100 lb = 0 lbs
Alternate: 20 min x 100 lbs = 2,000 lbs
Reserve:45 min x 100 lb = 4,500 lbs
Bingo: Burn + Alt + Reserve = 6,500 lbs
Once I reach 6,500 lbs I must divert
Holding time:
You have 7,000 lbs onboard, so:
7,000 – 6,500 = 500 lbs available for holding.
500 ÷ 100 lbs/min = 5 minutes of holding time.
