7

Question 1

Function of capillaries

Answer 1

Site of exchange between blood and tissue

Question 2

Function of capillaries requires

Answer 2

• very thin walls (thick wall make it a barrier to exchange processes)
• large CSA of capillary bed
• slow and moved blood flaw

Question 3

Large total ____ of the _____ _____ (compared to arteries) means much ________ _____ _______

Answer 3

Latte totals area of capillary bed (compared to arterioles) means much slower blood flow

Question 4

Strucutre of capillary

Answer 4

Capillary is just a cell (endothelial cell) forming a tube (no imina or media)
- blood cells in single file

Question 5

Electron microscopy in lumen of capillary - CONTINOUS

Answer 5

8-10 micrometers in diameter
- only one blood cell in single file at once
- this means passage of diffusion is short for oxygen
- intercellular junctions - tight junctions - forms a seal - this depends on how leaky the capillary is

Question 6

Precapillary sphincters function

Answer 6

• can dial up and dial down how much blood gets to capillary bed
• at inflow sites precapillary sphincters wrap around terminal arteriole - these can constrict prevent blood going into side pathways
• this forms a direct pathway through the vascular shunt to the venuole
• can get partially shut off - its a dial system not on/off - fills half capillary bed

Question 7

What are precapillary sphincters made of

Answer 7

Precapillary sphincters are composed of smooth muscle cell
- involuntary contraction - smooth muscle - involuntary muscle - under autonomic tone

Question 8

Terminal arteriolr and postcapillary

Answer 8

Question 9

The strucurte of capillaries varies according to the ________ of _______ needed, and how _____ the ________ must be

Answer 9

The structure of capillaries varies according to the rate of exchange needed, and how controlled the exchange must be

Question 10

Which cells of the cell wall do you alter to make the capillary more or less leaky?

Answer 10

Endothelium cells

Question 11

Three types of capillary structure

Answer 11

1. Continuous capillaries (most wide spread)
2. Fenestrated capillaries (leaky)
3. Sinusoid capillaries (very Leaky)

Question 12

Continuous capillary

Answer 12

• Intercellular Cleft is tightly fused
• found in skeletal and cardiac muscle
• no adventiia or media
• specific size - efficient diffusion - only one red blood cell

Question 13

Diameter of continuous capillary

Answer 13

8-10 micrometer diameter

Question 14

Epithelial cell of lumen determines leakyness by how many tight cells it lays down

Answer 14

Yep

Question 15

Basement membrane

Answer 15

• layer of extracellular matrix - collagen ( not phospholipid )
• layer of tissue that site around cells and is an anchor point

Question 16

Fenestraded capillary diameter

Answer 16

8-10 micrometers

Question 17

Structure of fenestrated capillary

Answer 17

• endothelium cells are fenestrated - physical openings
• allows things to go from the lumen to the basal surface of the cell without going inside cell - through pore

Question 18

Example of location with fenestrated capillary

Answer 18

• to form urine we run blood through fenestrated capillaries so its easier for fluid to leave blood vascular space and into the glomerulus

Question 19

Fenestrated capillary in small intestestion

Answer 19

Question 20

Diameter of sinosoidal capillaries

Answer 20

30-40 micrometers

Question 21

Fenestrated capillary structure

Answer 21

• gap in basement membrane

Question 22

Sinusoidal capillary structure

Answer 22

• not primarily focused on diffusion as 2 or 4 blood cellls can fit
• big openings are still smaller then cells
• membrane doesn’t form complete seal

Question 23

Processes

Answer 23

Fenestrated may not even have to pass through membrane

Question 24

What is the lymph vascular system

Answer 24

• open entry drainage system

Question 25

Function of lymph vascular system

Answer 25

- drains excess tissue fluid and plasma proteins from tissues and returns them to the blood - filters foreign material form the lymph - ‘screens’ lymph for foreign antigens and responds by releasing antibodies and activated immune cells - absorbed fat form intestine and transports to blood

Question 26

Lymphatic vessel structure

Answer 26

- commence as large, blind ending capillaries - form small intestine, a special group of lymphatic vessels called lacteals drain fat-laden lymph into a collecting vessel called the cisterns chyli - larger (thin wall =, just like veins) collecting vessels have numerous valves to prevent blood flow

Question 27

Why is lymphatics important

Answer 27

- to prevent swollen tissue - in lymphatics the endothelium isn’t continuous seal allowing fluid to enter

Question 28

Concentration of s

Question 29

Features of the lymph

Answer 29

- lymph vessels are very thin - transparent - VALVES: leaflets stop back - shows which way blood is following - No Red blood cells (only white blood cells) - not part of blood vascular blood system? Are lymphatic

Question 30

Regions of the bodies drained by lymph nodes

Answer 30

Question 31

Lymph collecting vessels are…

Answer 31

… all throughout our body - very very small

Question 32

Left Upper body all drains into the..

Answer 32

Entrance of thoracic duct into left subclavian vein from the thoracic duct Right subclaivian vein from the right side

Question 33

Lacteal

Answer 33

- big capillary in blood vasualar space in amongst the capillary bed - takes up a lot of fat - drains into lymphatic until reaching the distal part of thoracic duct called the cisterns chyli

Question 34

Answer 34

Question 35

Lypmnode sturucte

Answer 35

- fine strands running through them Hanging on the strands are immune cells - lymph from periphery comes in through afferent lymphatics -lymph goes through fibres with immune cells - runs out through efferent lymphatic - if lymph pocked up forgein antigens immune cells become activated

Question 36

Answer 36

- drains form breast, through axillary lymph nodes, and joins form right lymphatic duct forming connection with right subclaivian vein

Question 37

Metastatic cancer

Answer 37

Breast tissue lymphatic drainage can carry cancer cells into the blood vascular system - if there are tumor cells in armpit lymph nodes it tells you there may be more in the blood vascular network