UWorld > 7.2.16 > Flashcards

7.2.16 Flashcards

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1
Q

Ehlers-Danlos: defining charact

A
  • jt hypermobile

- hyperextensible, fragile skin

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2
Q

what colonic polyp can progress to adenoCA? what can’t?

A

neoplastic polyp:

  • adenomatous –> villous more likely than tubular
  • serrated

non-neoplastic polyp:

  • hyperplastic
  • hamartomatous
  • inflamm
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3
Q

granulomatosis w polyangiitis (Wegener’s): histology

A
  • crescents
  • IF-
  • elevated c-ANCA
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4
Q

hereditary spherocytosis: mode of inheritance

A

AD

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5
Q

A-fib –> most common site of thrombus?

A

LA appendage

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6
Q

what is: ALS

A

degen disorder of UMN & LMN of corticospinal tract –> ant motor horn, lat corticospinal tract

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7
Q

cofactor for methylmalonyl CoA mutase

A

vitB12

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8
Q

methylmalonic acidemia: how confirm dx?

A

elevated urine methylmalonic acid, propionic acid

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9
Q

prolonged burning substernal pain, ST elevation in leads I & V3-6 –> indicates?

A

anterolat LV infarct

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10
Q

inh gamma-aminolevulinate synthase –> leads to?

A

sideroblastic anemia (microcytic, hypochromic)

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11
Q

what is: Curling’s ulcer

A

stress-related mucosal dz: severe trauma, burn –> hypovol, hypotension –> local ischemia –> impair mucus protection –> ulcer

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12
Q

fasting glucose: value to dx DM

A

126

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13
Q

clopidogrel: MOA

A

platelet –> irrev block P2Y12 cmpt of ADP receptor –> prevent platelet aggregation

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14
Q

parvovirus B19: replicates in?

A

erythrocyte precursors in BM

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15
Q

what is: buspirone

A

nonbenzo anxiolytic –> trt GAD

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16
Q

methylmalonyl CoA mutase –> complete def –> ssx?

A

newborn:
- lethargy
- vomit
- tachypnea

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17
Q

what are signs of end organ damage?

A
  • acute coronary synd
  • encephalopathy
  • pulm edema
  • acute kidney injury
  • intracranial, subarachnoid hemorrhage
  • aortic dissection
  • papilledema, retinal hemorrhage, exudate
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18
Q

how is Rb protein turned off?

A

prolif signal –> activate cyclin-dep kinase 4 (CDK4) –> hyperphos Rb

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19
Q

hypoxemia (low PaO2): cause

A
  • alveolar hypovent
  • vent-perfusion mismatch
  • diffusion impair
  • R–>L shunt
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20
Q

acute promyelocytic leukemia: pathophys

A

t(15;17) –> promyelocytic leukemia-retinoic acid receptor alpha (PML/RARa) fusion gene –> unable to signal for proper cell differentiation

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21
Q

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): who?

A

middle age adults –> sporadic

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22
Q

what is: stress-related mucosal dz

A

severe physiologic stress –> shock, extensive burn, sepsis, severe trauma –> local ischemia –> gastric ulcer

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23
Q

mycoplasma pnemoniae –> hemolytic anemia –> pathophys?

A

shares antigen w human RBC –> cross-reacting IgM Ab (cold agglutinins) –> lyse RBC

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24
Q

what is: Hawthorne effect

A

observer effect –> study subj –> aware being studied –> change beh

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25
what is: Janeway lesion
acute infective endocarditis --> septic embolization from valve vegetations --> nontender, macular, erythematous lesions --> usu palms/soles
26
granulomatosis w polyangiitis (Wegener's): triad
- pulm ssx - URT involvement - RPGN
27
FOOSH --> can lead to?
dislocate lunate bone
28
what is: Eccentric hypertrophy
type of hypertrophy where the walls and chamber of a hollow organ undergo growth in which the overall size and volume are enlarged
29
what is: Cushing's ulcer
stress-related mucosal dz: intracranial injury --> increase ICP --> direct stim vagus --> increase gastric acid secrete --> ulcer
30
lunate bone: location
more medial of the 2 carpal bones that articulate w radius
31
osteogenesis imperfecta: defining charact
- spont fracture - bone & tooth malform - blue sclera
32
how does isoniazid cause B6 def?
direct inh pyridoxine phosphokinase: cannot convert pyridoxine to active form
33
myasthenia gravis: pathophys
autoimmune --> NMJ --> postsyn terminal --> decrease fxal ACh receptors --> ACh can't bind & open postsyn cation channels --> decrease end plate potential --> can't reach threshold potential --> no AP
34
what is: Heinz body
Hb precipitate --> seen in G6PD def d/t oxidative stress
35
methylmalonic acidemia: cause
AR --> methylmalonyl CoA mutase
36
what is: transudate
ultrafiltrate of plasma caused by hemodynamic changes
37
hydroxylation of proline & lysine residues in collagen: fx? where?
max tensile strength rER
38
clopidogrel: use
prevent CV events in CAD pts (as effective as ASA)
39
what is: Osler node
finger, toe --> painful, violaceous nodule
40
lat corticospinal tract degen --> ssx
UMN signs
41
acute promyelocytic leukemia: assoc dz
DIC
42
1g carb = how many Calories?
4
43
methylmalonic acidemia: lab findings
- hyperammonemia - ketotic hypoglycemia - metab acid
44
vitC def: ssx
- bleeding gums - ecchymosis, petechiae - impaired wound heal
45
cardiogenic acute pulm edema: histology
increased infiltration of plasma H2O & electrolytes into lung interstitium & alveoli
46
hemophilia: classic manifestation
- hemarthrosis - delayed, prolong bleeding following minor trauma, surg - intramusc hemorrhage
47
what is: retinoblastoma (Rb) protein
regulator of G1-->S phase transition: - hypophos --> active --> bind E2F transcription factor --> inh gene transciption necess for G1-->S transition - hyperphos --> inactive --> release E2F
48
Ehlers-Danlos: mutation
collagen type V
49
extensor carpi radialis brevis: fx
wrist extend
50
mild hemophilia A: tx? MOA?
desmopressin (DDAVP): - increase circulating levels of factor VIII - stim vWF secretion
51
what is: exudate
extravasation of plasma, plasma protein, circulating lymphocytes --> seen in inflamm states
52
G6PD def: mode of inheritance
XR
53
1g protein = how many Calories?
4
54
mycoplasma pnemoniae --> what dz?
- walking pneumonia | - tracheobronchitis
55
gallbladder hypomotility: features
- postprandial RUQ discomfort - CCK stim --> slow/incomplete gallbladder emptying - biliary stasis --> gallbladder continue to actively absorb H2O from bile --> bile concentration --> bile precipitate --> biliary sludge --> risk for stone formation, bile duct obstruct
56
bacterial endocarditis --> types of lesions? cause?
embolization of septic vegetations: - Janeway lesion - Osler node - splinter hemorrhage - Roth spots
57
1g fat = how many Calories?
9
58
what is pyridoxine needed for?
heme syn: cofactor for gamma-aminolevulinate synthase --> rate limiting step
59
highly lipophilic anesthetic drug: mult-compartment model of distribution? results in?
IV admin: 1) high [] in central cmpt (plasma) 2) rapidly dist to well-vascularized peripheral cmpt --> brain, liver, kidney, lungs, heart 3) re-dist over time --> poorly vascularized peripheral cmpt --> skeletal muscle, fat, bone short DOA
60
methylmalonic acidemia: pathophys
normally: catabolism of aa --> propionyl CoA --> methylmalonyl CoA --> succinyl CoA --> enter TCA cannot convert methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA --> methylmalonic acid, propionic acid buildup: - metab acid - inh gluconeogenesis --> hypoglycemia - inh urea cycle --> hyperammonia
61
when should you suspect dilated cardiomyopathy caused by viral myocarditis?
progressive onset of HF in setting of recent viral infect
62
ant motor horn degen --> ssx
LMN signs
63
ankylosing spondylitis: ssx
- axial jt --> stiff & fuse (ankylosis) - inflamm at tendon insertion to bone (enthesitis) - limited chest expansion --> hypovent: involvement of thoracic spine, costovertebral/costosternal jx
64
what is: HTN emergency
severe HTN (>180/120) + end organ damage
65
buspirone: charact
- slow onset of axn - no muscle relaxant, anticonvulsant properties - no risk of dependence
66
aortic dissection: #1 RF
HTN
67
anterolat LV infarct: comp
- LV fail - cardiogenic acute pulm edema - pulm venous HTN (congestion) - transudate of plasma into lung interstitium & alveoli
68
how does viral myocarditis lead to dilated cardiomyopathy?
myocardial inflamm --> heart chambers --> dilate & enlrg (eccentric hypertrophy) --> decrease V contractility (systolic dysfx)
69
lat epicondylitis: cause? ssx?
overuse extensor carpi radialis brevis --> angiofibroblastic tendinosis at its origin on lat epicondyle
70
what is: biotin
vitB7
71
what is normal partial pressure of O2 in alveoli?
104
72
name the opsonins
- IgG | - C3b
73
acute promyelocytic leukemia: tx? MOA?
all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) --> stim differentiation of myeloblasts to mature granulocytes
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