PATHO/PHARM EXAM 2 > ABBREVIATIONS > Flashcards

ABBREVIATIONS Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

VASOSPASM clinical man.

A

DHM
-distal hypoxia (variant angina)
-Hemorrhagic stroke
-migraines, headaches

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2
Q

AVM is the underlying cause of…

A

HHDS
-Headaches
-Hemorrhagic stroke
-Dementia
-Seizures

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3
Q

ATHERO/ARTERIO modifiable risk factors (4)

A
  1. Smoking
  2. Sedentary lifestyle
  3. Obesity
  4. Glucose intolerance
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4
Q

ATHERO/ARTERIO nonmodifiable risk factors (4)

A
  1. Male gender
  2. Advancing age
  3. Hyperlipidemia
  4. Family h/o cardiovascular disease
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5
Q

What is used to diagnose ATHERO/ARTERIO

A

angiography

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6
Q

RAYNAUD SYNDROME
-What is it?
-What can it also affect?

A

-EXTREME vasoconstriction, producing cessation of flow to fingers & toes
-earlobes or top of the nose

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7
Q

RAYNAUD SYNDROME triggers (4)

A
  1. Extreme cold exposure
  2. Emotional distress
  3. Tobacco use
  4. Caffeine
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8
Q

CHRONIC VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY
-What is it?

A

Impaired venous return, leading to pooling of blood in lower extremities due to deep vein valvular incompetence

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9
Q

CHRONIC VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY etiology

A

VOPD
1. Varicose veins
2. DVT
3. Prolonged sitting/standing
4. Obesity

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10
Q

CHRONIC VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY clinical man.

A

PHAVE
-Pain
-Hyperpigmentation
-Aching, heavy discomfort
-Venous ulcers
-Edema

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11
Q

CHRONIC VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY diagnosis

A

Ultrasound

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12
Q

CHRONIC VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY treatment

A
  1. Compression therapy
  2. Infection control
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13
Q

DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS (DVT)
-What is this caused by?

A

Formation of thrombus in deep vein of the lower extremity (especially legs)

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14
Q

DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS risk factors

A

SPIC
-Surgery
-Pregnancy
-Immobility
-Clotting disorders

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15
Q

DVT contributing factors

A

VVBH
-Varicose triad
-Vessel wall damage
-Blood flow alteration
-Hypercoagulability

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16
Q

DVT clinical man

A

**PEWRLD*
-Pain & tenderness
-Edema
-Warm to touch
-Redness
-Local inflammation
-Dilated superficial veins

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17
Q

DVT treatment

A

anticoagulation therapy

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18
Q

LYMPHEDEMA
-What is it?

A

Accumulation of lymph fluid in soft tissue

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19
Q

LYMPHEDEMA etiology

A

Obstructed or altered flow of lymph

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20
Q

LYMPHEDEMA clinical man

A

SHN
-Skin changes often in the arms & legs
-Heaviness
-Numbness & paraesthesia

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21
Q

LYMPHEDEMA diagnostic test

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A

Injection of radioisotopes lymphoscintigram

22
Q

LYMPHEDEMA surgical interventions

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A
  1. Resection (debunking) –> remove subQ tissue
  2. Bypass procedures
23
Q

END-ORGAN DAMAGE outcomes

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A

RIMDIG
-Renal failure, stroke, heart disease
-Increased myocardial work
-Microcirculation of the eyes
-Damage to arterial system
-Increased pressure in cerebral vasculature
-Glomerular damage

24
Q

HYPERTENSIVE EMERGENCIES & URGENCY: Hypertensive emergency
-What is important to do in this situation?

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A

Montior BP & HR, look at patient’s ECG, and look at urine output

25
ORTHOSTATIC (POSTURNAL HTN) symptoms
Dizziness, blurred vision, confusion, & possible syncope
26
ORTHOSTATIC (POSTURNAL HYPOTENSION) -What may this be associated with?
**EVEDAAAC** 1. Existing pathologies 2. Vasovagal reaction 3. Exposure to heat 4. Depletion in circulating volume 5. Adverse effect of drug therapy 6. Arterial stiffness 7. Alcohol ingestion 8. Cardiac dysrythymias
27
ORTHOSTATIC (POSTURNAL HYPOTENSION) -What are the treatments?
**SIRSEAA** 1. Slow positional changes 2. Increase salt & fluid intake if not contraindicated 3. Review medication history 4. Squatting/bending forward or crossing legs may counter effects 5. Elastic compression stockings, abdominal binders, elevate head of bed 6. Avoid hot environments 7. Avoid large or carbohydrate-heavy meals
28
What do all types of shock involve?
1. Hypoperfusion 2. Impaired cellular ocygen utilization
29
CARDIOGENIC SHOCK -- how does it occur
Severe ventricular dysfunction --> heart fails to pump effectively
30
CARDIOGENIC shock most common cause
MI
31
CARDIOGENIC SHOCK clinical man.
**DESPS** -Decreased CO -Elevated left end-diastolic pressure -S3 heart sounds -Pulmonary edema -Sympathetic activation (increased HR, vasoconstriction, narrow pulse pressure)
32
CARDIOGENIC pharmacotherapy
1. Inotropic agents 2. Afterload-reducing agents 3. Preload-reducing agents
33
OBSTRUCTIVE SHOCK--> how does it occur
Heart is prevented from pumping because of mechanical obstruction to blood flow
34
OBSTRUCTIVE SHOCK clinical man
**RSSF** -Right-sided heart failure -SOB -Swelling in lower extremities due to fluid buildup -Fatigue
35
OBSTRUCTIVE SHOCK: Treatment -What is treatment directed towards? -What is this necessary for?
-Identify & remove the obstruction -to prevent cardiovascular collapse
36
HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK: Etiology & Pathogenesis -How does this occur? -What can this occur from?
-When circulating blood volume is inadequate to perfuse tissues –> not enough circulating blood to supply tissues -hemorrhage, burns, dehydration, leakage of fluid
37
HYPOVOLEMIC clinical man.
**every week cow dances around very irritably** -Elevated HR (tachycardia) -Weak pulses -Cool, pale, clammy skin -Decreased urine output -Anxiety/altered mental status -Vasoconstriction -Increased myocardial contractility
38
HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK treatment
1. Fluid replacement 2. Control volume loss
39
DISTRIBUTED SHOCK --> how does it occur
When systemic vasodilation causes maldistribution of blood flow --> blood isn't being distributed properly
40
What do ALL types of distributive shock have?
vasodilation & profound hypotension
41
ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK causes
Antibiotic therapy, in particular β-lactams (like penicillin) Peanuts & tree nuts, insect stings, and snake bites Mast cell degranulation
42
ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK: Clinical Symptoms -What are they?
**WASUBI** -Wheezing -Angioedema -Stridor -Urticaria (hives) -Bronchoconstriction -Itching
43
ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK treatment
-Maintain patency of airway -Epinephrin (IV and IM) -Bronchodilators, vasopressors, IV fluids
44
NEUROGENIC SHOCK causes
1. Medullar depression from brain injury or drug overdose 2. Lesions to sympathetic nerve fibers due to spinal cord injury in high thoracic or cervical 3. Spinal anesthesia
45
NEUROGENIC SHOCK symptoms
**BDWISH** -Body position influences the development of neurogenic shock -Decreased CO --> bradycardia -Warm & dry skin -Inability to regulate body temperature -Syncope & fainting -Hypotension
46
NEUROGENIC SHOCK treatments
**VESFU** -Vasopressors -Elevation of legs -Slow position changes -Fluids -Use of pressure shockings on the legs
47
SEPTIC SHOCK what is it
A subset of sepsis with profound circulatory, cellular, and metabolic abnormalities
48
SEPTIC SHOCK symptoms
**WLIM** -Widespread inflammatory -Leads to profound peripheral vasodilation with persistent hypotension -Increase capillary permeability -Maldistribution of blood --> inadequate tissue perfusion
49
SEPTIC SHOCK what accompanies early stages
-Tachycardia, fever OR hypothermia, altered mental status, decerased urine output, respiratory failure
50
SEPTIC SHOCK treatment
**IMDAV** -Improve blood flow -Manage infection with antibiotics -Drugs to improve cardiac & vascular performance -Administration of fluids -Vasopressors
PATHO/PHARM EXAM 2
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