Chapter 14

Question 1

THROMBOCYTOPENIA
-What is thrombocytopenia?

Answer 1

Hematologic condition characterized by low platelet count

Question 2

THROMBOCYTOPENIA
-What are platelets also called?
-What are they necessary for?

Answer 2

-Thrombocytes
-Proper clotting

Question 3

THROMBOCYTOPENIA
-What do platelets develop from?

Answer 3

Megakaryocytes (large cells in the bone marrow)

Question 4

THROMBOCYTOPENIA
-How long do platelets live in the circulation
-They have nuclei (T/F)

Answer 4

-8-10 days
-False, they DO NOT have nuclei

Question 5

THROMBOCYTOPENIA: Platelet Disorders
-How can someone get a platelet disorder?
-What is an example of hereditary platelet disorder?

Answer 5

-May be hereditary or acquired (many are acquired)
-Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

Question 6

THROMBOCYTOPENIA: Platelet Disorders
-What do acquired disorders commonly result from?

Answer 6

Consuming certain…
1. Foods
2. Herbs
3. Drugs leading to an accelerated destruction of platelets from drug-dependent antibodies

Question 7

THROMBOCYTOPENIA: Platelet Disorders
-What can direct myelosuppresion be caused by?

Answer 7

Chemotherapeutic agents & ganciclovir (antiviral drug)

Question 8

THROMBOCYTOPENIA: Platelet Disorders
-What are the two types that platelet disorders can be?

Answer 8

Quantitative & Qualitative

Question 9

THROMBOCYTOPENIA: Platelet Disorders
-What are quantitative platelet disorders

Answer 9

Decreased number of circulating platelets

Question 10

THROMBOCYTOPENIA: Platelet Disorders
-What are qualitative platelet disorders

Answer 10

Abnormality in the structure or function of platelets

Question 11

TYPES OF THROMBOCYTOPENIA
-What are the three types of thrombocytopenia?

Answer 11

1. Immune thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)
2. Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)
3. Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)

Question 12

TYPES OF THROMBOCYTOPENIA
-What is the most common type of acquired thrombocytopenia?

Answer 12

Immune thromcytopenic Purpura (ITP)

Question 13

TYPES OF THROMBOCYTOPENIA
-What is the most common drug-induced thrombocytopenia?

Answer 13

Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)

Question 14

TYPES OF THROMBOCYTOPENIA: Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)
-What is this also called?

Answer 14

“Idiopathic” thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)

Question 15

TYPES OF THROMBOCYTOPENIA: Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)
-What is it?

Answer 15

Abnormal destruction of circulating platelets

Question 16

TYPES OF THROMBOCYTOPENIA: Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)
-What does Immune thrombocytopenic purpura usually follow?
-What is another thing it may follow?

Answer 16

-Viral infections
-Conditions with high antigen levels in the blood

Question 17

TYPES OF THROMBOCYTOPENIA: Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)
-What is this considered?

Answer 17

An autoimmune disease

Question 18

TYPES OF THROMBOCYTOPENIA: Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)
-Is it common or uncommon?
-Its _____ is increasing

Answer 18

-Uncommon
-incidence

Question 19

TYPES OF THROMBOCYTOPENIA: Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)
-Who is this typically seen in?
-Who is it more prevelant in?

Answer 19

-Adults 20-50 yrs old
-Women

Question 20

TYPES OF THROMBOCYTOPENIA: Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)
-What are the types of TTP?

Answer 20

Familial & acquired

Question 21

TYPES OF THROMBOCYTOPENIA: Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)
-Describe Familial TTP

Answer 21

-It is rare
-Chronic, repetitive, & may affect children
-Responds to treatment

Question 22

TYPES OF THROMBOCYTOPENIA: Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)
-Describe aquired TTP

Answer 22

-more common
-Affects women in their 30s
-Rare in infants & elderly

Question 23

TYPES OF THROMBOCYTOPENIA: Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)
-What may TTP be due to?

Answer 23

1. May be idiopathic
2. Drug toxicity –> chemo, birth control pills
3. Pregnancy, preeclampsia, or infections

Question 24

TYPES OF THROMBOCYTOPENIA: Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)
-What are the predisposing factors & causes of this?

Answer 24

1. Surgical procedures
2. IgG antibodies against heparin-platelet factor 4 complex

Question 25

**DISSEMINATED INTRAVASUCULAR COAGULATION (DIC)** -What is the definition of this?

Answer 25

Complicated condition characterized by **excessive bleeding** associated with **excessive clotting**

Question 26

**DISSEMINATED INTRAVASUCULAR COAGULATION (DIC)** -What is it often a complication of?

Answer 26

-Other diseases/disorders -Pregnancy

Question 27

**DISSEMINATED INTRAVASUCULAR COAGULATION (DIC)** -Is it life-threatening?

Answer 27

Yes, in many instances

Question 28

**DISSEMINATED INTRAVASUCULAR COAGULATION (DIC)**: *Prevalence* -It occurs in 2/3 of patients with what?

Answer 28

systemic inflammatory response to trauma

Question 29

**DISSEMINATED INTRAVASUCULAR COAGULATION (DIC)** -What are the types of DIC?

Answer 29

1. Acute DIC 2. Subacute DIC 3. Chronic DIC

Question 30

**DISSEMINATED INTRAVASUCULAR COAGULATION (DIC)**: *Acute DIC* -What is the most common cause of this?

Answer 30

infectious disease, especially sepsis

Question 31

**DISSEMINATED INTRAVASUCULAR COAGULATION (DIC)**: *Acute DIC* -What is the most commonly observed underlying cause? -What is the greatest culript?

Answer 31

-Bacterial infections (gram negative & positive) -Gram-negative bacterial sepsis

Question 32

**DISSEMINATED INTRAVASUCULAR COAGULATION (DIC)**: *Acute DIC* -What are predisposing conditions? (remember SHMOT!!)

Answer 32

-Shock -Hemolytic process -malignancies -obstetric conditions -tissue damage

Question 33

**DISSEMINATED INTRAVASUCULAR COAGULATION (DIC)**: *Acute DIC* -Describe the hemolytic process in relation to Acute DIC

Answer 33

-Transfusion of mismatched blood -Acute hemolysis from infection or immunologic hemolysis

Question 34

**DISSEMINATED INTRAVASUCULAR COAGULATION (DIC)**: *Acute DIC* -Describe obstetric conditions

Answer 34

-HELLP Syndrome (severe preeclampsia) -**H**emolysis, **E**levated **L**iver enzymes, **L**ow **P**latelet count

Question 35

**DISSEMINATED INTRAVASUCULAR COAGULATION (DIC)**: *Subacute DIC* -What does it involve? -Describe the symptoms

Answer 35

-Multiple organs -Body compensates, so the symptoms are minor

Question 36

**DISSEMINATED INTRAVASUCULAR COAGULATION (DIC)**: *Subacute DIC* -What are the predisposing factors?

Answer 36

-Malignancies -Obstetric

Question 37

**DISSEMINATED INTRAVASUCULAR COAGULATION (DIC)**: *Chronic DIC* -What are the predisposing factors?

Answer 37

-Liver disease -Systemic lupus erythematosus -Malignancy