Chapter 21

Question 1

ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
-When does this occur?

Answer 1

When insufficient O2 is transferred into the blood OR inadequate CO2 is expelled from the lungs (oxygen is too low OR CO2 is too high)

Question 2

ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
-What are the two types of ARFs?
-Can patients have both?

Answer 2

1. Hypoxemic
2. Hypercapnic
   -Yes

Question 3

ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
-Explain hypoxemic

Answer 3

Arterial level of oxygen (PaO2) is less than 50 mmHg

Question 4

ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
-Explain hypercapnic

Answer 4

Arterial level of CO2 (PaCO2) is GREATER than 50 mmHg

Question 5

ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
-ARF is the end result of what?

Answer 5

Many disease processes, such as ARDS

Question 6

ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
-What does ARF result from? (2)

Answer 6

1. Trauma to the airway, lungs, or chest wall
2. Insult to another body system

Question 7

ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE: Clinical Manifestations
-How does it begin?

Answer 7

-Development of respiratory failure, which may develop suddenly or gradually

Question 8

ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE: Clinical Manifestations
-What is the first sign of respiratory failure?

Answer 8

a change in the patient’s mental status

Question 9

ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE: Clinical Manifestations
-What are the clinical signs?

Answer 9

-Restlessness, agitation, confusion, & combative behaviors
-SOB, tachycardia, mild hypertension, headache, pallor

Question 10

ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE: Clinical Manifestations
-How may the person become?

Answer 10

Fatigued & unable to continue breathing without assistance

Question 11

ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE: Clinical Manifestations
-How will you notice their breathing?
-What about their speech?

Answer 11

-May note pursed-lipped breathing
-Can only speak few words at a time

Question 12

ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE: Clinical Manifestations
-What kind of muscles will people with ARF use?

Answer 12

Accessory muscles

Question 13

ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE: Clinical Manifestations
-You will see retractions of what?

Answer 13

intercoastal/supraclavicular area